-kas
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.
Suffix
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -kas
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Equivalent to -kka + -as.
Suffix
-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs)
- -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.
- Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.
- -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.
- Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.
Usage notes
When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.
Declension
| Inflection of -kas (Kotus type 41*A/vieras, kk-k gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten | |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
| illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
| accusative | nom. | -kas | -kkaat |
| gen. | -kkaan | ||
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten | |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
| inessive | -kkaassa | -kkaissa | |
| elative | -kkaasta | -kkaista | |
| illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin -kkaihinrare | |
| adessive | -kkaalla | -kkailla | |
| ablative | -kkaalta | -kkailta | |
| allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille | |
| essive | -kkaana | -kkaina | |
| translative | -kkaaksi | -kkaiksi | |
| instructive | — | -kkain | |
| abessive | -kkaatta | -kkaitta | |
| comitative | — | -kkaine | |
| Possessive forms of -kas (type vieras) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -kkaani | -kkaamme |
| 2nd person | -kkaasi | -kkaanne |
| 3rd person | -kkaansa | |
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -kas
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-kɑs/, [-kɑz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-kɑs/, [-kɑʒ̥]
Suffix
-kas (front vowel variant -käs)
Usage notes
- -kas always gets secondary stress in polysyllabic words.
Declension
| Declension of -kas (type 2/patsas, kk-k gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -kas | -kkaat |
| genitive | -kkaan | -kkain |
| partitive | -kasta, -kast | -kkaita, -kkaja |
| illative | -kkaasse | -kkaisse |
| inessive | -kkaas | -kkais |
| elative | -kkaast | -kkaist |
| allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille |
| adessive | -kkaal | -kkail |
| ablative | -kkaalt | -kkailt |
| translative | -kkaaks | -kkaiks |
| essive | -kkaanna, -kkaan | -kkainna, -kkain |
| exessive1) | -kkaant | -kkaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of -kas (type 2/kalakas, kk-k gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -kas | -kkahat -kkaat |
| genitive | -kkahan | -kkahhiin |
| partitive | -kasta | -kkahhia |
| illative | -kkahasse | -kkahisse |
| inessive | -kkahas | -kkahis |
| elative | -kkahast | -kkahist |
| allative | -kkahalle | -kkahille |
| adessive | -kkahal | -kkahil |
| ablative | -kkahalt | -kkahilt |
| translative | -kkahaks | -kkahiks |
| essive | -kkahhaan | -kkahhiin |
| exessive1) | -kkahhant | -kkahhint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
Ingrian terms suffixed with -kas
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