-as

-as (plural -asow)

1. -ful

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

• IPA^(key): [as]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: as

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

-as (front vowel harmony variant -äs)

1. Forms some adjectives.
2. Forms some nouns.

• sa

• IPA^(key): [ɒʃ]
• Rhymes: -ɒʃ

-as

1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

   ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)

3. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

   ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

• (all senses) Harmonic variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as

1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

• -is
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

• -eas (after palatal consonants)

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   Synonym: -achas

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /aːs/, [äːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /as/, [äs]

By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis.

-ās

1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

-ās

1. accusative feminine plural of -us

A conjugated form of -ō (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs).

-ās

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

-ās m

1. accusative plural of -a

• Catalan: -es
• French: -es
• Italian: -e
• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as
• Portuguese: -e
• Spanish: -as

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.

   ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

-as

1. Alternative form of -yssh

• “-ish, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.

-as

1. Alternative form of -esse

• “-esse, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.

From Proto-Samic *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

-as

1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

• Middle English: -æs, -es, -s
  • English: -es, -s
  • Scots: -is, -es, -s

• -es (after palatal consonants)
• -us

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)

   ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 261

Inherited from Latin -ās.

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as

• IPA^(key): /as/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: as

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

• -as in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• -as in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Inherited from Old Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

• -es

-as

1. forms the second-person singular subjunctive present of 2^nd and 3^rd conjugation verbs

   ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)

2. forms the second-person singular negative imperative of 2^nd and 3^rd conjugation verbs

   ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎não corras (“don’t run”)

• -es

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs

• -es

-as

1. Alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

• påsk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• sa

• IPA^(key): /as/

-as f

1. Forms abstract nouns.

   ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)

   ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)

   ‎urdd (“order, honour”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies