-ja

-ja

1. (colloquial, used only after a /d/ sound) You, ya.

• couldja
• didja
• wouldja

• -cha

• AJ

• IPA^(key): /jɐ/

-ja (personal, nominative case)

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of a

From Proto-Finnic *-ja, from Proto-Uralic *-ja. Cognate with Finnish -ja.

-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)

1. -er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-ja

1. derives various adverbs

   sala "secretly" → salaja "secretly"

From Proto-Finnic *-ja, from Proto-Uralic *-ja. Compare Erzya -я (-ja) in Erzya неия (neija, “I have seen”).

• IPA^(key): [jɑ]
• IPA^(key): [(j)ɑ] (after -i-)

-ja (front vowel harmony variant -jä)

1. Forms agent nouns, especially human ones; -er

   katsoa (“to watch”) → katsoja (“a watcher, spectator”)

   tehdä (“to do”) → tekijä (“a doer; a writer, author, playwright; a factor”)

   syyttää (“to blame”) → syyttäjä (“prosecutor”)

• If the stem ends in -e-, this changes to -i- before adding -ja.

juosta; juokse- → juoksija

näytellä; näyttele- → näyttelijä

The original verb affects the declension type of the derivation.

If the -ja ending is preceded by -i-, it is declined as kulkija (verbs of voida type are an exception, however).

Otherwise, it is declined as koira.

• -iainen

• -in
• -kko
• -ri
• -sija
• -tar
• -uri

-ja

1. Used on a verb before the case marker to indicate negation.

-ja

1. Romanization of -𐌾𐌰

• IPA^(key): [jɒ]
• Rhymes: -jɒ

-ja

1. Possessive (and genitive) suffix: [from 1055]
   1. (with no possessor or with the 3rd-person pronoun as possessor, usually preceded by a definite article) his, her, its ……

      ház (“ház”) → (a) háza, az ő háza (“his/her/its house”)

      élet (“life”) → (az) élete, az ő élete (“his/her/its life”)

      barát (“friend”) → (a) barátja (“his/her/its friend”)

      kapu (“gate”) → (a) kapuja (“his/her/its gate”)

      palota (“palace”) → (a) palotája (“his/her/its palace”)

      kert (“garden”) → (a) kertje (“his/her/its garden”)

      betű (“letter”) → (a) betűje (“his/her/its letter”)

      vese (“kidney”) → (a) veséje (“his/her/its kidney”)

   2. (with a singular possessor) ……-'s, of …… (third-person singular, single possession)

      ház (“house”) → Anna háza (“Anna’s house”)

      ház (“house”) → a felkelő nap háza (“the house of the rising sun”)

      élet (“life”) → Anna élete (“Anna’s life”)

      élet (“life”) → a város élete (“the life of the city”)

      palota (“palace”) → a király palotája (“the king’s palace”)

      kapu (“gate”) → a ház kapuja (“the gate of the house”)

      kert (“garden”) → Anna kertje (“Anna’s garden”)

      kert (“garden”) → a tulipánok kertje (“the garden of [the] tulips”)

   3. (with a plural possessor) ……-s’, of ……-s (third-person plural, single possession)

      ház (“house”) → a szüleim háza (“my parents’ house”)

      ház (“house”) → a trópusi növények háza (“[the] house of [the] tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”)

      élet (“life”) → a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”)

      élet (“life”) → a könyvek élete (“[the] lives of [the] books”, literally “the books’ life”)

      palota (“palace”) → az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”)

      kert (“garden”) → a szüleim kertje (“my parents’ garden”)

      kert (“garden”) → Az elágazó ösvények kertje (“The Garden of Forking Paths”)

   4. (with time expressions, referring to a point in time) …… ago

      Egy évszázada ment el. ― S/he left one century ago.

      Két éve ment el. ― S/he left two years ago.

      Egy órája ment el. ― S/he left one hour ago.

      Sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ― S/he left a long time ago

      Synonym: -val/-vel ezelőtt (e.g. két évvel ezelőtt)

   5. (with time expressions, referring to a duration of time preceding the point of time in question) for ……

      Egy évszázada várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century.

      Két éve várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for two years.

      Egy órája várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for an hour.

      Sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a long time.

   6. (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of ……, out of …… (partitive sense)

      Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül

      jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)

      legnagyobbik (“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika (“the biggest [one] of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.

  -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.

  • This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children's ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).

-ja

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person singular present tense of back-vowel verbs (both in indicative and subjunctive mood).

   tud (“to know”) → Tudja, hogy mit akar. (“He/she knows what he/she wants”; literally, “He/she knows that which he/she wants.”)

   tartalmaz (“to contain”) → tartalmazza (“it contains [that]”)

• (personal suffix) The j assimilates to the final s, sz, z, dz. See harmonic variants in the tables below.

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

• IPA^(key): /ja/

See the lemma.

-ja

1. Alternative form of -a (feminine, plural, or singulative ending), used with stems ending in -i, -j.

From Arabic يَ‎ (ya), alternative form of ي‎ (-ī).

-ja

1. Alternative form of -i (1st-person singular non-verbal pronominal suffix), used with stems ending in vowels or diphthongs.

• IPA^(key): [ha]

-ja

1. Alternative form of -a

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎, Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 134

-ja (Cyrillic spelling -ја)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer or a feature, usually negative.

• -džija
• -edžija
• -ija