采

See also: 埰, 採, and 釆
采 U+91C7, 采
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91C7
← 釆
[U+91C6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 釈 →
[U+91C8]

Translingual

Han character

采 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+1, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木 (BD), four-corner 20904, composition ⿱爫木)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1290, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40116
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1790, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3898, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91C7

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 采

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 采
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
采 *sʰɯːʔ
睬 *sʰɯːʔ
彩 *sʰɯːʔ
採 *sʰɯːʔ
綵 *sʰɯːʔ
寀 *sʰɯːʔ
菜 *sʰɯːs
埰 *sʰɯːs
棌 *sʰɯːs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) . Two forms can be found in oracle bone script:

  1. 爪 (“hand”) + 果 (“fruit”) – a hand (爪) picking fruits from a tree (果).
  2. 爪 (“hand”) + 木 (“tree”) – a hand (爪) picking from a tree (木).

The current glyph is of composition 2.

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Several etymologies have been proposed:

  • From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-n (“child; grandchild; nephew; niece”), whence Tibetan [script needed] (btsa, “fruit”), [script needed] (btsas, “to harvest, to reap”), possibly as well as 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs), 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007);
  • Related to Tibetan ཚོད་མ (tshod ma, “vegetables”) (Schuessler, 2007);
  • Related to 穡 (OC *s.rək, “to reap; harvest”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Compare with Burmese ဆွဲ (hcwai:, “to pull, to drag”).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 采
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉宰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰəiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰəjX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰᴀiX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 coi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 采 采
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cǎi cǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshojX › ‹ tshojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.r̥ˁəʔ/ /*s.r̥ˁəʔ/
English gather, pluck colorful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 采
Reading # 1/1
No. 1070
Phonetic
component		 采
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 采
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰɯːʔ/
Definitions

采

  1. to pick; to pluck; to gather; to collect
    alt. forms: 採
  2. to pick; to choose; to select
    alt. forms: 採
  3. to mine; to dig
    alt. forms: 採
  4. to drag; to pull
    alt. forms: 採
  5. color
    alt. forms: 綵, 彩
  6. colored silk
    alt. forms: 綵, 彩
  7. literary talent
    alt. forms: 彩, 綵
    文采  ―  wéncǎi  ―  literary talent
  8. luster
    alt. forms: 彩
  9. beautiful in words but poor in content; using colorful language to cover up flaws
  10. expression; spirit; complexion
    興高采烈／兴高采烈  ―  xìnggāocǎiliè  ―  elated
  11. wager; stake
    alt. forms: 彩
  12. lucky (in gambling)
    alt. forms: 彩
  13. oak
    alt. forms: 棌
    采椽  ―  cǎichuán  ―  oak
  14. to heed; to pay attention to
    alt. forms: 睬, 採, 倸
  15. official position
    alt. forms: 寀
  16. vine; creeper
  17. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) thing
  18. to exploit; to gain
    alt. forms: 採
  19. to accept
    alt. forms: 採
  20. currency
  21. tomb
  22. a surname
Compounds
Derived terms from 采

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

采

  1. fief
    alt. forms: 寀, 埰
  2. Alternative form of 菜 (cài).
Compounds

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 採 (“to pick; to pluck; to select; to choose; to pick; etc.”).
(This character, 采, is the simplified form of 採.)
Notes:

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 彩 (“variegated colors; rich and bright colors; etc.”).
(This character, 采, is the second-round simplified form of 彩.)
Notes:

Japanese
Shinjitai 采
Kyūjitai
[1]
采󠄁
采+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
采󠄃
采+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
采

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. a die, dice

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

采(さい) • (sai) 

  1. a die, dice

References
  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2163 (paper), page 1133 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

采 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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