| emperor; surname | emperor; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (皇皇) |
皇 | 皇 | |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huáng |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 皇 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huáng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ |
| English | yellow and white spotted | sovereign |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12696 |
| Phonetic component |
王 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
黃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 |
皇皇
|
|