U+6BD2, 毒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD2

[U+6BD1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6BD3]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Alternative forms

See Han unification on Wikipedia for differences in appearance by script by code point. Note that the bottom component is written in the Kangxi dictionary but appears as in simplified Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts.

Han character

(Kangxi radical 80, +4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition(GKV) or ⿱(HTJ))

References

  • KangXi: page 589, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6BD2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ).

Etymology

“poison”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (poison; to poison). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, poison; toxin), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, vicious; evil; poisonous), Burmese တောက် (tauk, to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous).
“to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation 1

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
 
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𧉉
𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𧉉
𤯟


Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
Note:
  • dù - literary;
  • tū - vernacular.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk / dĕ̤k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tuʔ⁵/, /tøyʔ⁵/
Note:
  • dŭk - literary;
  • dĕ̤k - vernacular.
Note:
  • to̍k - literary;
  • ta̍k - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/duok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/dok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dawk̚/
Li
Rong
/dok̚/
Wang
Li
/duok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
duk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁuk/
English poison (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2486
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'uːɡ/

Definitions

  1. poison; toxin; venom; bane
       yǒu   poisonous
  2. calamity; disaster; trouble
  3. pain; suffering
  4. crime; evil
  5. to poison; to administer poison to
    蟑螂   sǐ zhāngláng   to kill cockroaches with poison
  6. to harm; to injure
  7. to hate; to resent
  8. Alternative form of (, “to manage; to govern”).
  9. poisonous; noxious
       shé   venomous snake
          poisonous gas
  10. heavy; thick
  11. (figurative) pernicious influence; harmful influence
          residual poison
  12. severe; fierce; violent
    外面太陽外面太阳   Wàimiàn de tàiyáng hěn .   The sun outside is very fierce.
  13. malicious; cruel
    心腸心肠   Tā de xīncháng zhēn !   How cruel is he!
  14. (literary, or in compounds) narcotics; narcotic drugs
          to take drugs (of illicit or recreational nature)
       fàn   to traffic in narcotics

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (どく) (doku)
  • Korean: 독(毒) (dok)
  • Vietnamese: độc ()

Others:

  • Vietnamese: thuốc (drug)
  • Zhuang: doeg (poison; to poison; evil)

Pronunciation 2

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms Cantonese
Hakka
Min Dong



BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-[d]ˁuk-s/
English to poison (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to

Pronunciation 3

trad.
simp. #


Definitions

  1. Used in 毒冒, which is an alternative form of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. poison

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
どく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(どく) (doku) 

  1. poison, toxin

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (dok dok))

  1. Hanja form? of (poison).

Compounds

Hanja

(eumhun 거북 (geobuk dae))

  1. Alternative form of (, Hanja form? of (turtle).)
  2. Alternative form of (, Hanja form? of (turtle).)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: độc, nọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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