冬

See also: 鼕
冬 U+51AC, 冬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51AC
← 冫
[U+51AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冭 →
[U+51AD]

冬 U+2F81A, 冬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81A
← 仌
[U+2F819] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 况 →
[U+2F81B]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 冬
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疼 *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬 *tuːŋ
苳 *tuːŋ
笗 *tuːŋ
炵 *tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟 *duːŋ
鼕 *duːŋ
鉖 *duːŋ
終 *tjuŋ
螽 *tjuŋ
鼨 *tjuŋ
柊 *tjuŋ
鴤 *tjuŋ
泈 *tjuŋ
蔠 *tjuŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːŋ) : phonetic 夂 (“end”) + semantic 仌 (“ice”).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 冬
alternative forms
 
昸
㫡
𠔙
𣆼
𠘀
昸
㫡
𠔙
𣆼
𠘀
𣅈
𠘗

Wang (1982) relates it to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tang - colloquial;
  • tong - literary.
Note:
  • dang1 - colloquial;
  • dong1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: dong1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /tʊŋ³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /tən³³/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冬
Mandarin Beijing /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tuŋ²¹/
Jinan /tuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /təŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tuŋ²¹/
Xining /tuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tũn³¹/
Ürümqi /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /toŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /toŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /toŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /toŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /toŋ³¹/
Hefei /təŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /toŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /toŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /toŋ³³/
Wenzhou /toŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /tʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /toŋ³³/
Xiangtan /tən³³/
Gan Nanchang /tuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /toŋ⁵³/
Nanning /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
/taŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tøyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /toŋ³³/
/taŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdoŋ²³/
/ʔdaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 冬 (5)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都宗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuoŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /toŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /toŋ/
Wang
Li		 /tuoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuoŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 dung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ towng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˁuŋ/
English winter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
No. 2419
Phonetic
component		 冬
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 冬
Old
Chinese		 /*tuːŋ/

Definitions

冬

  1. winter
  2. (Cantonese) winter solstice
    做冬 [Cantonese]  ―  zou6 dung1 [Jyutping]  ―  to celebrate the winter solstice with a dinner
    冬大過年／冬大过年 [Cantonese]  ―  dung1 daai6 gwo3 nin4 [Jyutping]  ―  the winter solstice is more important than Chinese New Year
  3. (Min Nan) year
  4. (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
  5. Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”).
  6. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 冬天 (“winter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 冬, 冬日
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冬天, 冬季, 冬日
Mandarin Beijing 冬天
Taiwan 冬天
Tianjin 冬天, 冬底下
Chengde 冬天
Tangshan 冬天
Cangzhou 冬天
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 冬天
Baoding 冬天
Shijiazhuang 冬天
Daming 冬天
Chifeng 冬天
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 冬天
Heihe 冬天
Qiqihar 冬天
Harbin 冬天
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 冬天
Jiamusi 冬天
Baicheng 冬天
Changchun 冬天
Tonghua 冬天
Shenyang 冬天
Dandong 冬天
Jinzhou 冬天
Dalian 冬天, 冬季天兒
Yantai 冬天
Yantai (Muping) 冬天, 冬季天兒
Qingdao 冬天, 臘月天兒
Lijin 冬天
Jinan 冬天
Jining 冬天
Luoyang 冬天
Wanrong 冬間
Shangqiu 冬天
Yuanyang 冬天
Zhengzhou 冬天
Lingbao 冬天
Xinyang 冬天
Baihe 冬天, 九天, 九裡頭
Hanzhong 冬天
Xi'an 冬天, 冬裡
Dingbian 冬天, 冬裡
Baoji 冬天, 寒天, 冬上
Yinchuan 冬天
Yongning (Najiahu) 冬天, 冷天
Tianshui 冬天
Lanzhou 冬天, 冬月天, 冷月天
Dunhuang 冬天, 冬裡
Xining 冬天
Hami 冬天
Ürümqi 冬天
Ürümqi (Xigou) 冬天
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 冬天
Wuhan 冬季, 冬天, 冷天, 冷季
Yichang 冷天
Xiangyang 冬天, 冷天裡
Tianmen 冬天, 寒天, 冷天
Hong'an 冬天道, 冷天道
Chengdu 冬天, 冬天家
Nanchong 冬天, 寒天
Dazhou 冷天
Hanyuan 冬天, 冷天
Xichang 冬天, 寒天
Zigong 冬天, 冷天, 冬辰
Chongqing 冬天, 冷天
Guiyang 冬天, 冬天家, 寒天
Zunyi 冬天
Bijie 冷天家
Liping 冬天
Zhaotong 冬天
Dali 冬天
Kunming 冬天
Mengzi 冬天
Guilin 冬天
Pingle 寒天, 寒冷天, 冬月天
Liuzhou 冬天, 冷天
Nanning (Wuming) 冬天, 冷天, 北風天
Yizhou 冬天, 冷天
Luocheng (Dongmen) 冬天, 冷天
Tianlin (Langping) 冬天
Jishou 冬天, 冷天
Changde 冬天
Anqing 冬天, 冷天
Xuzhou 冷天, 冬天, 寒裡
Fuyang 冬天
Wuhu 冬天
Yangzhou 冷天, 冬寒天, 冬天, 寒裡
Lianyungang 冬天, 寒天, 寒裡
Lianshui 冬天, 寒裡頭
Nanjing 冷天, 冬天
Hefei 冬天
Nantong 寒天
Singapore 冬天
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 冬天
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 冬天
Mae Salong (Lancang) 冷天
Cantonese Guangzhou 冬天, 冷天
Hong Kong 冬天
Taishan 冷天
Taishan (Guanghai) 冬天
Kaiping (Chikan) 冷天
Dongguan 冬天
Nanning 冷天
Wuzhou 冷天
Yulin 天冷天
Guiping (Jiangkou) 冷天, 冬天
Guiping (Madong) 冬天, 北風天
Baise 冷天
Mandalay (Taishan) 冬天
Gan Nanchang 冬天
Pengze 冬下天
Lichuan 冷天
Pingxiang 冷天, 冬下裡
Hakka Meixian 冬天, 冬下, 冬下頭, 寒天, 冷天
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 冷天
Wuhua (Huacheng) 冷天
Wuhua (Changbu) 冬下晨
Wuhua (Mianyang) 冷天
Liancheng (Peitian) 冬下
Yudu 冬下
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭, 冬下時
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 寒天, 冬下頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 寒天, 冬下頭, 冬下時
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 寒天, 冬天
Bobai (Shahe) 冬天
Bobai (Longtan) 冬天
Bobai (Lingping) 冷天
Beiliu (Gonghe) 冬天
Xingye (Gaofeng) 冬下天
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 冬天
Pingle (Tong'an) 冬天
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 冬天, 冬下
Sabah (Longchuan) 冬天, 冬季
Pontianak (Meixian) 冷天
Huizhou Jixi 下冬, 冬場子, 冬場下
Shexian 冬天
Jin Taiyuan 冬天
Yangyuan 冬天, 冬末寒天
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 冬天, 冬哩
Xinzhou 冬天
Lishi 冬天
Linfen 冬天
Changzhi 冬天
Linhe 冬天, 冬天裡
Jining 冬天
Hohhot 冬天
Erenhot 冬天
Pingshan 冬天
Zhangjiakou 冬天
Handan 冬天
Linzhou 冬天
Suide 冬裡
Min Bei Jian'ou 冬天
Min Dong Fuzhou 凊天, 冬天
Changle 凊天
Fuqing 凊天, 冬天
Yongtai 凊天
Gutian 寒天
Fu'an 寒天
Ningde 寒天
Shouning 寒天
Zhouning 寒天
Fuding 寒天
Matsu 冬天
Min Nan Xiamen 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬, 寒儂
Quanzhou 冬天, 寒天, 寒儂
Yongchun 寒天, 冬天
Zhangzhou 冬天, 寒天, 寒冬
Zhao'an 寒天, 冬天
Dongshan 寒天, 冬天
Taipei 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
New Taipei (Sanxia) 冬仔, 寒天
Kaohsiung 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
Yilan 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
Changhua (Lukang) 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
Taichung 冬天, 寒天
Tainan 冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
Hsinchu 冬天, 寒天儂
Kinmen 冬天, 寒天
Penghu (Magong) 冬天, 寒天
Penang (Hokkien) 冬天
Singapore (Hokkien) 寒天
Manila (Hokkien) 寒儂
Zhangping (Yongfu) 寒天, 在冬
Guilin (Biyange) 冬天
Pingle (Zhoutang) 寒天, 冷天, 冬月天
Shantou 冬天時, 凝天時
Shantou (Chenghai) 凝天時, 凊天時, 凊天
Jieyang 冬天時, 凝天時, 寒天時
Haifeng 凝天時, 凊天時, 冬天時
Leizhou 冬天
Haikou 冬季
Qionghai 寒天
Puxian Min Putian 寒天, 冬天
Min Zhong Yong'an 冬天
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冬季
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 冬天, 冷天
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 冬天
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 冷天, 冬天
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 冬天
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 冬天
Wu Shanghai 冬天, 冷天, 冬場裡, 寒場裡
Shanghai (Chongming) 寒天, 寒場裡, 寒裡
Suzhou 冬天, 冷天, 寒天
Danyang 冬天, 冬天頭, 冬季
Hangzhou 冬天
Ningbo 冬天價, 冬天
Wenzhou 天色冷, 十二月
Jinhua 冬天
Jinhua (Tangxi) 冬裡
Xiang Changsha 冬天, 冷天
Loudi 冬天
Quanzhou 冬天
Dialectal synonyms of 冬至 (“winter solstice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 冬至, 南至
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冬至
Mandarin Beijing 冬至
Taiwan 冬至
Tianjin 冬至
Tangshan 冬至
Cangzhou 冬至
Baoding 冬至
Shijiazhuang 冬至
Chifeng 冬至
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 冬至
Harbin 冬至
Shenyang 冬至
Yantai (Muping) 冬, 過冬
Qingdao 冬至, 過冬
Jinan 冬至
Luoyang 冬至
Wanrong 冬至
Zhengzhou 冬至
Xi'an 冬至
Yinchuan 冬至
Lanzhou 冬至
Xining 冬至
Ürümqi 冬至
Wuhan 冬至
Chengdu 冬至
Chongqing 冬至
Guiyang 冬至
Kunming 冬至
Guilin 冬至
Liuzhou 冬至
Xuzhou 冬至, 長至 dated
Yangzhou 冬至
Nanjing 冬至
Hefei 冬至
Nantong 冬至, 大冬
Singapore 冬至
Cantonese Guangzhou 冬至, 冬節, 冬
Hong Kong 冬至, 冬, 冬節
Dongguan 冬至
Gan Nanchang 冬至
Lichuan 冬至
Pingxiang 冬至
Hakka Meixian 冬至
Yudu 冬至
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冬節, 冬至
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冬節, 冬至
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冬節
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冬節, 冬至
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冬節
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冬節
Huizhou Jixi 冬至
Shexian 冬至
Jin Taiyuan 冬至, 過冬
Xinzhou 冬至
Linhe 冬至
Jining 冬至
Hohhot 冬至
Zhangjiakou 冬至
Handan 冬至
Min Bei Jian'ou 冬節
Min Dong Fuzhou 冬至, 冬節
Fuqing 冬至
Min Nan Xiamen 冬節
Xiamen (Tong'an) 冬節
Quanzhou 冬節, 小年兜
Jinjiang 冬節
Zhangzhou 冬節
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 冬節
Zhao'an 冬節
Tainan 冬節
Penang (Hokkien) 冬節
Singapore (Hokkien) 冬節
Shantou (Chenghai) 冬節
Jieyang 冬節
Haifeng 冬節
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 冬節
Haikou 冬至, 冬節
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冬至
Wu Shanghai 冬至
Shanghai (Chongming) 冬至
Suzhou 冬至
Danyang 冬至
Hangzhou 冬至
Ningbo 冬至
Wenzhou 冬節
Jinhua 冬至
Xiang Changsha 冬至
Loudi 冬至
See also
Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (dōng, “winter”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 冬

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 咚 (“ratatat; etc.”).
(This character, 冬, is the simplified form of 鼕, which is in turn a variant form of 咚.)
Notes:

Japanese
Shinjitai 冬
Kyūjitai
[1]
冬
&#x2F81A;
or
冬+&#xFE00;?
冬󠄀
冬+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
冬󠄃
冬+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
冬

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
冬
ふゆ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨puyu⟩ → /ɸuju/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ふゆ​ [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝjɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

冬(ふゆ) • (fuyu) 

  1. winter (season)
    冬(ふゆ)の狂(きょう)風(ふう) ― Fuyu no Kyōfū ― The Winds of Winter
    Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Coordinate terms
Seasons in Japanese · 四(し)季(き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春(はる) (haru, “spring”)
春(しゅん)季(き) (shunki, “spring”)
春(しゅん)期(き) (shunki, “spring period”)		 夏(なつ) (natsu, “summer”)
夏(か)季(き) (kaki, “summer”)
夏(か)期(き) (kaki, “summer period”)		 秋(あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki, “fall period”)		 冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)
冬(とう)季(き) (tōki, “winter”)
冬(とう)期(き) (tōki, “winter period”)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
冬
とう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC tuoŋ).

Affix

冬(とう) • (tō) 

  1. winter
Derived terms
Derived terms

See also

References
  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 264 (paper), page 182 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC tuoŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 冬 (eumhun 겨울 동 (gyeoul dong))

  1. Hanja form? of 동 (“winter”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji
冬

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
冬
ふゆ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compare Japanese 冬 (fuyu, “winter”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɸuju]

Noun

冬 (hiragana ふゆ, rōmaji fuyu)

  1. winter

References
  • “ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

冬: Hán Nôm readings: đông[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of đông (“winter”).

Derived terms

References
  1. Trần (1999).
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