幾何

See also: 几何

Chinese

Etymology
geometry
First used in Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci's translation of Euclid's Elements in 1607. The method and origin of derivation is disputed.

Pronunciation 1
 
how much; how many; several
how much; how many; several; a few; almost
 
carry; what; how
carry; what; how; why; which
trad. (幾何) 幾 何
simp. (几何) 几 何

Note: Erhua-ed pronunciation is only used for the geometry sense.
Rime
Character 幾 何
Reading # 3/4 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 微 (20) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 居狶切 胡歌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨiX/ /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɨiX/ /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨjX/ /ɦa/
Li
Rong		 /kiəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li		 /kĭəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ke̯iX/ /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐ hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gei2 ho4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幾 何
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐ hé
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjɨjX › ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kəjʔ/ /*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English few; how many what

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幾 何
Reading # 2/4 1/2
No. 5800 7458
Phonetic
component		 幾 可
Rime
group		 微 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蟣 何
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯlʔ/ /*ɡaːl/

Adverb

幾何

  1. (literary) how much; how many
    您女兒芳齡幾何？／您女儿芳龄几何？  ―  Nín nǚ'ér fānglíng jǐhé?  ―  How old is your daughter? [honorific] (literally, “How many is your daughter's age?”)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 多少 (“how many; how much”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 幾, 幾何, 幾多, 幾許, 多少
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 多少
Mandarin Beijing 多少
Taiwan 多少
Jinan 多少
Xi'an 多少
Wuhan 幾多, 好多
Chengdu 好多
Guilin 好多
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 幾, 幾多
Yangzhou 多少
Hefei 好些, 好多
Singapore 多少
Cantonese Guangzhou 幾多, 幾
Hong Kong 幾多, 幾
Taishan 幾多
Yangjiang 幾多, 幾
Singapore (Guangfu) 幾多, 幾
Gan Nanchang 幾多
Hakka Meixian 幾多
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 幾多
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 幾多
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 幾多
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 幾多
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 幾多
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 幾多
Jin Taiyuan 多少
Min Bei Jian'ou 幾多
Min Dong Fuzhou 若夥
Singapore (Fuqing) 若夥
Min Nan Xiamen 偌濟
Quanzhou 偌濟
Shishi 偌濟
Zhangzhou 偌濟
Zhao'an 偌濟
Tainan 偌濟, 幾
Penang (Hokkien) 幾
Singapore (Hokkien) 偌濟, 幾
Manila (Hokkien) 偌濟, 幾
Chaozhou 若濟
Shantou 若濟
Jieyang 若濟
Pontianak (Teochew) 若濟
Haikou 偌濟
Wu Shanghai 多少, 幾化, 幾多化 dated
Suzhou 幾化
Ningbo 多少
Wenzhou 幾倈兒, 幾倈
Xiang Changsha 好多
Xiangtan 幾, 幾多
Shuangfeng 好多, 幾多
Derived terms
  • 俟河之清，人壽幾何／俟河之清，人寿几何
  • 冇幾何／冇几何 (mou5 gei2 ho4-2)
  • 春秋幾何／春秋几何

Noun

幾何

  1. (mathematics) geometry [from 1607]
Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (幾何):
  • → Japanese: 幾何(きか) (kika)
  • → Korean: 기하(幾何) (giha)
  • → Vietnamese: kỉ hà (幾何)

Pronunciation 2
 
how much; how many; several
how much; how many; several; a few; almost
 
carry; what; how
carry; what; how; why; which
trad. (幾何) 幾 何
simp. (几何) 几 何
alternative forms 幾好／几好

Adverb

幾何

  1. (Taishanese) how
  2. (Taishanese) why
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 怎樣 (“how”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 如何, 何以, 若何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如何, 怎樣
Mandarin Beijing 怎麼樣兒, 怎樣兒
Taiwan 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Jinan 怎麼樣
Xi'an 咋樣兒
Wuhan 麼樣, 麼樣子, 哪樣, 哪樣子
Chengdu 咋個樣, 咋個樣子, 啷個樣, 啷個樣子
Guilin 啷子樣
Yangzhou 怎們樣, 哪一個樣, 哪一個樣子
Hefei 怎樣
Malaysia 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Singapore 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Cantonese Guangzhou 點樣, 點
Hong Kong 點樣, 點
Macau 點
Taishan 幾何
Singapore (Guangfu) 點樣, 點
Gan Nanchang 啷樣, 啷
Hakka Meixian 仰般, 仰仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 仰般, 仰仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 仰仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 仰般
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 仰脣, 仰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 仰般, 仰般形
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 仰子
Jin Taiyuan 咋, 咋底
Min Bei Jian'ou 何如, 何如事
Min Dong Fuzhou 將樣, 蔣樣, 蔣其
Min Nan Xiamen 按怎, 怎樣
Quanzhou 障仔, 怎樣, 按怎
Zhangzhou 按怎, 怎樣
Taipei 按怎 GT, 按怎樣 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 按怎
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 障仔, 怎樣
Chaozhou 在生樣, 乜生樣, 做呢
Shantou 在生
Jieyang 在生, 在生樣
Haifeng 做呢, 做呢樣
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢, 在生
Wu Shanghai 哪能, 哪能介, 哪能樣子
Suzhou 捺亨
Wenzhou 訾那, 訾那能
Xiang Changsha 何是, 何裡
Shuangfeng 麼家
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 為什麼 (“why”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何為, 何以, 何, 何故, 緣何, 胡, 奚, 曷, 胡為
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 為什麼, 為何, 因何, 何以
Mandarin Beijing 為什麼, 幹嗎, 幹什麼
Taiwan 為什麼
Tianjin 為嘛
Harbin 為啥
Yantai (Muping) 為麼, 為麼個
Jinan 為麼
Xi'an 為啥
Yinchuan 為啥
Lanzhou 為啥
Xining 為啥
Ürümqi 為啥
Wuhan 做麼事, 為麼事
Chengdu 為啥子
Guiyang 為哪樣, 為些哪樣
Guilin 為什麼
Liuzhou 為什麼
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 為什麼
Xuzhou 為啥, 擁啥, 擁什麼
Yangzhou 甚們事, 做事, 為甚們 formal
Nanjing 為什麼
Malaysia 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Singapore 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Cantonese Guangzhou 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 為乜, 為乜為物, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 做咩, 為乜, 為咩, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 做乜嘢
Macau 為乜嘢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 點解
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 整乜嘢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 做乜嘢
Foshan 點解
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點解
Foshan (Shunde) 為乜嘢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 因乜嘢, 點解
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 點解
Zhuhai (Doumen) 點解
Jiangmen (Baisha) 點解
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 幾解
Taishan 幾何, 幾解, 做乜, 為乜, 乜頭路
Kaiping (Chikan) 幾解
Enping (Niujiang) 做乜, 幾解
Heshan (Yayao) 幾解
Dongguan 點解, 做乜嘢, 做乜, 為乜嘢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 點解
Hepu (Lianzhou) 為物底
Qinzhou 為乜嘢, 為乜
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 為乜底
Beihai 為乜嘢
Beihai (Nankang) 做乜嘢
Beihai (Yingpan) 為乜底
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 做乜嘢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 點解
Singapore (Guangfu) 點解
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 做乜嘢
Móng Cái 點解, 為乜
Yangon (Taishan) 幾解
Gan Nanchang 為什哩
Pingxiang 為咋個, 為咋哩, 做咋個, 做咋哩, 何解
Hakka Meixian 做麼個
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 做乜計, 做乜嘢, 仰解
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 做麼個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 做麼個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 做麼個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 做麼個
Jin Taiyuan 為甚, 因為甚
Xinzhou 𠰻們
Min Bei Jian'ou 做孰事
Min Dong Fuzhou 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 做什名, 幹乜勢, 傒勢
Changle 傒勢
Fuqing 介計
Yongtai 蔣其
Gutian 做什乇
Fu'an 做乜乇
Ningde 做乇
Shouning 做呢乇
Zhouning 做乜乇
Fuding 做哪乇
Matsu 為什乇, 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 傒勢
Min Nan Xiamen 為甚物, 按怎, 物代, 敢咧
Quanzhou 按怎, 物代
Jinjiang 為啥物
Zhangzhou 按怎
Zhao'an 為甚物
Dongshan 為甚物
Taipei 為啥物, 是按怎
Penang (Hokkien) 何物事, 做物事, 做物
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 敢哪, 敢哪誌
Chaozhou 做呢
Shantou 做呢
Shantou (Chaoyang) 做呢
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢
Leizhou 做乜, 因乜
Wenchang 作乜, 因乜, 怎作
Haikou 作乜, 作個乜, 作乜物, 因乜, 因個乜
Singapore (Hainanese) 作乜
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 做門, 做哪門, 為哪門
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 為什個
Wu Shanghai 啥體, 為啥, 啥講究, 啥個講究, 啥個路道, 啥個緣故
Shanghai (Chongming) 為何, 做何
Suzhou 為啥, 為點啥
Danyang 為點高, 做點高
Hangzhou 為啥
Wenzhou 妝乜, 為乜事幹
Jinhua 為淡事幹, 為待西
Xiang Changsha 為麼子, 何解
Loudi 嗎介

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
幾 何
き
Grade: S		 か
Grade: 2
kan’on

Shortening of 幾何学 (kikagaku, “geometry”).[1][2]

First attested in the early Meiji period, in a text from 1886.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

幾(き)何(か) • (kika) 

  1. [1886] (mathematics, colloquial) Short for 幾何学 (kikagaku): geometry
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
幾 何
いく
Grade: S		 ばく
Grade: 2
kun’yomi irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 幾何 – see the following entry.
【幾許いくばく】
[adverb] how much, how many
[adverb] as in 幾許か, few, a little bit
[adverb] (followed by negative) a little bit, not much
Alternative spellings
幾何, 幾ばく
(This term, 幾何, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 幾何.

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
幾何

Adjective

幾何

  1. chữ Hán form of kỉ hà (“geometric”).
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