封

封 U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01
← 尀
[U+5C00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 専 →
[U+5C02]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

封 (radical 41, 寸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition ⿰圭寸)

References
  • KangXi: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 封

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (封) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幫 *paːŋ
鞤 *paːŋ
封 *poŋ, *poŋs
葑 *poŋ, *poŋs
犎 *poŋ
崶 *poŋ
湗 *poŋs

丰 (“field, ear of grass”) + 寸 (“control”).

In modern form, left component is written instead as 圭 (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as 丰 (one vertical stroke).

Pronunciation
Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 封
Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /foŋ/
Nanjing /fən³¹/
Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /fan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hoŋ³³/
/huaŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /foŋ²³/
/ʔbaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 封 封
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 府容切 方用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
Li
Rong		 /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Wang
Li		 /pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fēng fèng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 封
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fēng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p(r)oŋ/
English raise a mound; enfeoff

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 封 封
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3253 3259
Phonetic
component		 封 封
Rime
group		 東 東
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 封 葑
Old
Chinese		 /*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
Notes 甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註，
表封土植木爲封疆

Definitions

封

  1. to close; to seal; to bind
  2. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
  3. envelope; letter
  4. cover of a book
  5. feudal; feudalism
  6. to blacklist; to force out
  7. (of emperors) to worship heaven
    • 封禪 / 封禅  ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
  8. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail.
  9. A surname​.
  10. to enfeoff

Compounds
Derived terms from 封

Japanese

Kanji
封

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to seal, to close

Readings

Korean

Hanja

封 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

封 (phong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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