富

See also: 冨

富	U+5BCC, 富 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BCC

← 寋
[U+5BCB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

寍 →
[U+5BCD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

Stroke order (Japan)

富 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十一口田 (JMRW), four-corner 3060₆, composition ⿱宀畐)

Derived characters

𫣡, 𠾙, 𡡩, 𢠲, 𪷛, 𬁗, 𬋋, 䒇, 𣎬, 𧬙, 𨬬, 𩍏, 𫙻, 𪧰, 𪆠, 䔰, 𩯅, 𡬂

Related characters

冨 (Variant form)

References

KangXi: page 288, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7230
Dae Jaweon: page 571, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 942, character 4
Unihan data for U+5BCC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		富
2nd round simp.		𫲷
alternative forms		冨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 富
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯɡs) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Bodman (1980) compares it to Tibetan ཕྱུག (phyug, “rich; wealthy”), ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “all beasts that can be domesticated or subjugated by man; cattle”), but the vowels do not match with Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (1999) relates it to 寶 (OC *puːʔ), but see there for more. In later work, Sagart (2011b, 2017d) connects it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷak (“pig”), comparing the semantic development from “pig” to “rich” to Latin pecunia (“money”), which is derived from Latin pecu (“cattle; domestic animals”), and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C.pək (“pig”). However, the Tibeto-Burman word for “pig” is usually compared to 豝 (OC *praː, “sow”).

Cognate with 福 (OC *pɯɡ, “blessing”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

(Chengdu, SP): fu⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fu

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴
Min Dong (BUC): hó / bó
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hù / pù

(Teochew, Peng'im): bu³
Wu (Wiktionary): fu (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu³
  - Yale: fu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hó / bó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²¹³/, /pou²¹³/

Note:

hó - colloquial;
bó - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  - Tâi-lô: hù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pù
  - Tâi-lô: pù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pux
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pu¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pu²¹/

Note:

hù - literary;
pù - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bu³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: fu (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fv̩ʷ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pɨu^H/

Rime
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方副切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw^H/
Li Rong	/piu^H/
Wang Li	/pĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pək-s/
English	rich; wealth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
No.	3372
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	富
Old Chinese	/*pɯɡs/

Definitions

富

abundant; ample
rich; wealthy
wealth
to make rich; to make wealthy
a surname: Fu

Compounds

富人 (fùrén)
富含 (fùhán)
富商 (fùshāng)
富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
富基 (Fùjī)
富婆 (fùpó)
富家 (fùjiā)
富庶 (fùshù)
富有 (fùyǒu)
富民 (fùmín)
富池 (Fùchí)
富泰 (fùtài)
富源 (fùyuán)
富甲一方 (fùjiǎyīfāng)
富盛 (fùshèng)
富翁 (fùwēng)

富裕 (fùyù)
富豪 (fùháo)
富足 (fùzú)
巨富 (jùfù)
新富 (Xīnfù)
致富 (zhìfù)
阿富汗 (Āfùhàn)
阿富汗尼 (āfùhànní)
富里 (Fùlǐ)
國富民強／国富民强 (guófùmínqiáng)
富可敵國／富可敌国 (fùkědíguó)
富國／富国 (fùguó)
富富有餘／富富有余
富實／富实 (fùshí)
富強／富强 (fùqiáng)
富態／富态 (fùtai)

富戶／富户 (fùhù)
富於／富于 (fùyú)
富營養化／富营养化 (fùyíngyǎnghuà)
富產／富产
富礦／富矿 (fùkuàng)
富貴／富贵 (fùguì)
富農／富农 (fùnóng)
富錦／富锦 (Fùjǐn)
富餘／富余 (fùyu)
富饒／富饶 (fùráo)
富麗／富丽 (fùlì)
李富莊／李富庄 (Lǐfùzhuāng)
豐富／丰富 (fēngfù)
財富／财富 (cáifù)
貧富／贫富 (pínfù)

References

“富”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

富

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ふう (fū, Jōyō ^†)
Kun: とむ (tomu, 富む, Jōyō); とみ (tomi, 富, Jōyō)

Compounds

豊(ほう)富(ふ) (hōfu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
富
とみ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 富(と)む (tomu, “to be rich”).

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) とみ [tóꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞mʲi]

Noun

富(とみ) • (tomi)

wealth; fortune

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

富 (eumhun 부유할 부 (buyuhal bu))

Hanja form^? of 부 (“wealth”).

Compounds

부자(富者) (buja, “rich person”)
부유(富裕) (buyu, “wealth”)

Vietnamese

Han character

富: Hán Việt readings: phú[1][2][3]
富: Nôm readings: phú[1][3][4][5]

chữ Hán form of phú (“wealth”).

Compounds

富家 (phú gia)
富貴 (phú quý / phú quí)

References

Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Trần (2004).
Bonet (1899).
Génibrel (1898).
Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcntd-2] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).