塵

See also: 尘
塵 U+5875, 塵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5875
← 塴
[U+5874] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 塶 →
[U+5876]

Translingual

Han character

塵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心土 (IPG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸鹿土)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 236, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5388
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 482, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5875

Chinese
trad. 塵
simp. 尘
alternative forms 𪋻
𡔚

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 土 (“soil, dust”) – cloud of dust produced by a (group of) running deer. Ancient simplification of 𪋻, which pictures three deer on top instead of one.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dul ~ r-tul (“dust”). Cognate with Tibetan རྡུལ (rdul, “dust, particle”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thûn - vernacular;
  • tîn - literary.
Rime
Character 塵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直珍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖjin/
Li
Rong		 /ȡjĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ȡǐĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 can4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]rə[n]/
English dust (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塵
Reading # 1/1
No. 1397
Phonetic
component		 塵
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 陳
Old
Chinese		 /*rdɯn/

Definitions

塵

  1. dust; dirt; ashes; cinders
    吸塵器／吸尘器  ―  xīchénqì  ―  vacuum cleaner
  2. to be streaked with dirt; to become stained
  3. trace; footprint
  4. (figurative) dirty thing
  5. (figurative) war; warfare
  6. (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life
  7. (Buddhism) the number billionth (10–9)
  8. for a long time
  9. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 灰塵 (“dust”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 塵, 埃, 塵埃, 坌, 塕, 坱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 灰塵, 灰土, 塵土, 塵埃
Mandarin Beijing 塵土, 土, 灰
Taiwan 灰塵, 塵埃, 塵土
Tianjin 塵土
Chengde 𡋯土
Tangshan 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 塵
Cangzhou 灰, 塵土, 土
Baoding 堂土
Shijiazhuang 塵土
Chifeng 灰, 土
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 灰土, 灰, 塵土
Heihe 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Qiqihar 灰塵, 灰土
Harbin 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Jiamusi 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Baicheng 灰塵, 灰, 灰土, 塵搭灰
Changchun 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
Tonghua 灰, 土
Shenyang 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Dandong 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Jinzhou 灰塵, 塵土, 𡋯土
Dalian 灰, 塵
Yantai 灰, 𡋯土
Yantai (Muping) 灰
Qingdao 灰, 𡋯土, 土
Lijin 灰, 𡋯土
Zhucheng 灰
Jinan 𡋯土, 土, 灰
Jining 𡋯土
Luoyang 灰塵, 塵土
Wanrong 土
Shangqiu 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
Yuanyang 灰塵, 灰, 塵土
Zhengzhou 灰塵, 灰
Lingbao 灰
Xinyang 灰
Baihe 灰, 塵土
Hanzhong 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Xi'an 塵土, 土, 灰, 灰塵, 灰纖
Baoji 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Yinchuan 灰塵, 塵灰, 灰
Tianshui 灰, 𡋯土
Lanzhou 灰, 灰土, 塵土, 土
Dunhuang 灰塵, 塵土
Xining 塵土, 灰塵
Hami 灰塵
Ürümqi 灰, 灰灰
Wuhan 灰, 灰塵
Yichang 灰塵, 灰
Xiangyang 灰
Tianmen 灰塵, 灰, 土
Hong'an 灰塵, 灰
Chengdu 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
Nanchong 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
Dazhou 灰塵
Hanyuan 灰塵, 灰
Xichang 灰塵, 灰, 灰灰
Zigong 灰, 揚塵
Chongqing 灰
Guiyang 灰灰, 灰, 灰塵
Zunyi 灰
Bijie 灰塵, 灰灰
Liping 灰
Zhaotong 塵灰
Dali 灰
Kunming 塵灰, 灰, 土, 灰灰
Mengzi 灰
Guilin 灰塵
Guilin (Lingui) 灰塵
Liuzhou 灰塵, 灰, 塳塵
Liuzhou (Luorong) 灰塵
Nanning (Wuming) 灰塵, 煙塵
Jishou 灰塵
Changde 灰塵
Anqing 堂灰, 屯灰, 灰
Xuzhou 灰, 𡋯土, 土
Fuyang 灰塵, 灰
Wuhu 灰
Yangzhou 灰塵, 灰
Lianyungang 堂灰, 灰
Lianshui 堂灰, 灰
Nanjing 灰塵, 灰, 堂灰
Hefei 灰
Nantong 沙灰
Singapore 灰塵, 塵土
Dagudi (Maliba) 灰
Reshuitang (Longling) 灰
Mae Salong (Lancang) 灰
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 灰
Cantonese Guangzhou 塵, 灰塵, 煙塵, 泥塵, 沙塵, 塳塵
Hong Kong 塵, 灰塵, 灰, 塵埃, 沙塵
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 灰塵, 泥塵
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 灰塵, 煙塵
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 泥塵
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 泥塵
Macau 灰塵
Guangzhou (Panyu) 煙塵
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 灰塵
Guangzhou (Conghua) 塵
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 灰塵
Foshan 灰塵
Foshan (Shunde) 灰塵
Foshan (Sanshui) 灰塵
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 灰塵
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 灰塵
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 灰塵
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 灰塵
Zhuhai (Doumen) 灰塵
Jiangmen (Baisha) 灰塵
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 灰塵
Taishan 灰塵
Kaiping (Chikan) 灰塵
Enping (Niujiang) 灰塵
Heshan (Yayao) 灰塵
Dongguan 灰塵
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 灰塵
Qingyuan 灰塵
Fogang 灰塵
Yingde (Hanguang) 灰塵
Yangshan 灰塵
Lianshan (Butian) 灰塵
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 灰塵
Shaoguan 灰塵
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 塵灰, 灰塵
Renhua 塵灰
Lechang 塵灰
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 灰塵
Sihui 灰塵
Guangning 灰塵
Deqing 灰塵
Huaiji 灰塵
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 泥塵
Yunfu 塳塵
Xinxing 灰塵, 塵埃
Luoding 灰塵
Yunan (Pingtai) 灰塵
Yangjiang 煙塵
Xinyi 灰塵
Lianjiang 灰塵, 煙塵
Nanning 灰塵, 煙塵
Wuzhou 灰塵, 煙塵
Yulin 煙塵
Hepu (Lianzhou) 灰塵, 煙塵
Hepu (Shatian) 煙塵, 塵土, 灰塵
Guiping 灰塵, 蚊塵
Guiping (Mule) 蚊塵
Pingnan 蚊塵
Mengshan (Xihe) 塳塵
Guigang (Gangcheng) 灰塵
Guigang (Nanjiang) 灰塵
Guigang (Pingdong) 灰塵
Beiliu (Tangliao) 灰塵
Baise 灰塵
Bobai 灰塵
Lingshan 灰塵
Pubei 煙塵
Qinzhou 灰塵
Beihai 灰塵
Beihai (Nankang) 泥塵
Beihai (Yingpan) 煙塵
Ningming 灰塵
Hengxian 蚊塵
Danzhou 煙塵
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 塵灰, 灰塵
Bangkok (Guangfu) 灰塵
Gan Nanchang 灰
Lichuan 灰
Pingxiang 灰, 灰塵
Hakka Meixian 塵灰, 泥塵
Xingning 塵灰
Dabu (Xihe) 灰塵
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 塵灰, 煙塵, 泥塵, 沙塵
Huidong (Daling) 塵灰
Dongguan (Qingxi) 泥塵
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 灰塵
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 灰塵, 泥塵
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 灰塵
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 灰塵
Wuhua (Huacheng) 塵, 塵灰, 灰塵
Wuhua (Changbu) 泥塵
Wuhua (Mianyang) 塵灰
Heyuan (Bendihua) 塵灰
Wengyuan 塵灰
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 塵灰
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 塳
Liannan 塵灰
Conghua (Lütian) 塵灰
Jiexi 塵灰
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 揚塵
Changting 塵灰, 灰塵
Yongding 塵灰
Yongding (Xiayang) 塵灰
Yongding (Gaobei) 灰塵
Yongding (Hukeng) 灰塵
Wuping 塵灰
Wuping (Yanqian) 塵灰
Wuping (Pingyu) 塵灰
Liancheng 塵灰
Liancheng (Peitian) 塵灰
Liancheng (Juxi) 塵灰
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 塵灰
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 灰塵
Ninghua 塵灰, 灰塵
Qingliu 塵灰
Yudu 灰
Ningdu 塵灰
Ruijin 塵灰
Shicheng 塵灰
Shangyou (Shexi) 塵灰
Tonggu (Sandu) 塵灰
Ganzhou (Panlong) 灰塵
Dayu 灰塵
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 塵灰
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 塵灰
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 塵灰
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 塵灰, 塕塵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 塵灰
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥粉
Hong Kong 泥塵
Yangxi (Tangkou) 煙塵
Yangchun (Sanjia) 灰塵
Xinyi (Sihe) 塳塵
Xinyi (Qianpai) 塳塵
Gaozhou (Xindong) 煙塵
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 泥塵, 灰塵
Huazhou (Xin'an) 煙塵
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 灰塵
Lianjiang (Qingping) 塵煙
Mengshan (Xihe) 塳塵
Luchuan 泥煙
Luchuan (Daqiao) 塵煙
Beiliu (Tang'an) 灰塵
Mashan (Pianlian) 灰塵
Sabah (Longchuan) 塵灰, 泥塵
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 灰塵
Senai (Huiyang) 灰塵
Singkawang 塵灰
Bangkok (Meixian) 塵灰
Bangkok (Fengshun) 塵灰
Bangkok (Jiexi) 塵灰, 泥粉
Huizhou Jixi 灰
Shexian 灰塵, 灰
Jin Taiyuan 塵土, 土
Yangyuan 灰, 塵土
Datong 灰塵, 塵土
Xinzhou 塵土, 灰塵
Lishi 灰塵, 塵土
Linfen 塵土
Changzhi 塵灰, 灰
Linhe 灰塵, 灰, 土
Jining 灰塵
Hohhot 灰塵, 灰, 塵土, 土
Erenhot 灰塵
Pingshan 塵土, 土
Zhangjiakou 灰土, 灰
Handan 灰塵
Linzhou 灰塵, 灰
Suide 灰塵, 灰, 土
Min Bei Jian'ou 灰塵, 塵灰
Jian'ou (Dikou) 塵
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 塵, 煙腸苦
Pucheng (Shibei) 灰塵
Min Dong Fuzhou 塕塵, 塗粉
Changle 塕塵
Fuqing 塕塵
Yongtai 塗粉
Gutian 塕塵
Fu'an 煙霧
Ningde 塕塵
Shouning 塗粉
Zhouning 塕塵
Fuding 塕埃
Matsu 塕塵
Min Nan Xiamen 塗粉, 塕埃, 風飛沙
Quanzhou 塗粉
Jinjiang 塗粉
Yongchun 塗粉
Zhangzhou 塗粉
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗粉
Pinghe 塗粉
Zhangpu 塗粉
Zhao'an 塗粉
Taipei (Wanhua) 塗沙粉
New Taipei (Tamsui) 塗沙粉仔
Kaohsiung 塗沙粉
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 塗沙粉仔
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 塗粉仔
Yilan 風飛沙
Yilan (Toucheng) 塗粉
Changhua (Lukang) 沙粉
Taichung 塗沙
Taichung (Wuqi) 風飛沙
Tainan 塗粉, 塗沙粉, 塕埃, 風飛沙
Tainan (Anping) 塗粉
Taitung 風飛沙
Hsinchu 風飛沙
Penghu (Magong) 塗沙粉
Penghu (Xiyu) 塗沙粉
Penang (Hokkien) 塗粉
Singapore (Hokkien) 塗粉
Zhangping (Yongfu) 灰, 塗粉, 塕埃
Datian 塗粉, 塕塵
Pingnan (Shangdu) 灰
Chaozhou 塗粉, 塕塵
Shantou 塵, 塕塵, 灰塵
Jieyang 塗粉, 塕塵
Bangkok (Teochew) 塕塵
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 塕塵
Leizhou 塕塵, 塗沙粉
Wenchang 塗灰
Haikou 塗灰
Puxian Min Putian 塗粉, 塕塵
Xianyou 煙塵
Min Zhong Yong'an 塕塵
Sanyuan 塕塵
Shaxian 塕塵
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 煙塵
Sanxiang 塕塵, 煙塵, 灰塵
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 坌塵, 煙塵, 灰塵
Binyang (Xinqiao) 蚊塵
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 灰塵
Guilin (Chaoyang) 灰塵
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 灰塵
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 灰塵
Shehua Fu'an 煙霧
Fuding 泥粉
Luoyuan 煙塵
Sanming 擸𢶍
Shunchang 擸𢶍粉
Guixi (Zhangping) 灰塵
Cangnan 泥粉
Jingning 火煤塵
Lishui 火灰粉
Longyou 灰粉
Chaozhou 煙塵
Fengshun 塕塵
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 灰
Wu Shanghai 灰塵, 塳塵
Shanghai (Chongming) 灰塵, 塳塵
Suzhou 灰塵, 塳塵
Danyang 灰塵, 灰
Hangzhou 灰塵, 塳塵
Ningbo 塳塵, 塳灰, 灰塵
Wenzhou 坌塵, 坌塕, 塳塵
Jinhua 塕, 塳塵
Xiang Changsha 灰
Loudi 灰, 灰塵
Shuangfeng 灰
Quanzhou 灰塵

Compounds
Derived terms from 塵

Japanese

Kanji
塵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings
  • Go-on: じん (jin)
  • Kan-on: ちん (chin)
  • Kun: ちり (chiri, 塵); ごみ (gomi, 塵)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
塵
ごみ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 塵 – see the following entry.
【ゴミ】
[noun] trash, rubbish, garbage
Alternative spellings
塵, 芥, ごみ
(This term, 塵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
塵
ちり
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Noun

塵(ちり) • (chiri) 

  1. dust
    塵(ちり)は塵(ちり)に、灰(はい)は灰(はい)に
    chiri wa chiri ni, hai wa hai ni
    dust to dust, ashes to ashes
    • 2005 November 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      ガンザックオープン‼ナックルガードセット‼錬(れん)金(きん)の魔(ま)人(じん)よ　塵(ちり)と帰(かえ)れ‼
      Gan Zakku Ōpun‼ Nakkuru Gādo Setto‼ Renkin no majin yo chiri to kaere‼
      Gun Jacks, open! Knuckle Guards, set! Alchemy devil, return to the dust where you belong!!

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
塵
じん
Hyōgaiji
goon

From Middle Chinese 塵 (MC ɖˠiɪn). First attested in a Buddhist text from the 600s.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

塵(じん) • (jin) ←ぢん (din)?

  1. [from 600s] (Buddhism) impurity
  2. one billionth

References
  1. “塵”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

塵: Hán Nôm readings: trần, chần

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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