伸

伸	U+4F38, 伸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F38

← 伷
[U+4F37]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伹 →
[U+4F39]

Translingual

Han character

伸 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中田中 (OLWL), four-corner 2520₆, composition ⿰亻申)

Derived characters

𭈁, 𥆓, 𦕽, 𨁬, 敒, 𫣰

References

KangXi: page 97, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 481
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 133, character 2
Unihan data for U+4F38

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伸

**Small seal script**
s05824

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L31183	L31184

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
電	*l'iːns
胂	l̥ʰin, hlin
申	*hlin
伸	*hlin
呻	*hlin
紳	*hlin
眒	hlin, hlins
柛	*hlin
訷	*hlin
抻	*hlins
神	*hlin
朄	*lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn / sṳ̂n
Min Dong (BUC): sĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhun / chhng / sin

(Teochew, Peng'im): cung¹ / sing¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shen
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹
  - Yale: shēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹
  - Yale: sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn / sṳ̂n
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun´ / siin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ / sin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/, /sɨn²⁴/

Note:

chhûn - vernacular;
sṳ̂n - literary.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
  - Tâi-lô: tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng
  - Tâi-lô: tshng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
  - Tâi-lô: sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: syn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕin⁴⁴/

Note:

chhun/chhng - vernacular;
sin - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cung¹ / sing¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung / sing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ³³/, /siŋ³³/

Note:

cung1 - vernacular;
sing1 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ɕiɪn/

Rime
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	失人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/
English	stretch, extend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
No.	11236
Phonetic component	申
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	申
Old Chinese	/*hlin/

Definitions

伸

to extend; to stretch out
伸長兩隻手／伸长两只手 ― shēncháng liǎng zhī shǒu ― to extend two hands
to report
(Hakka, Hokkien) to be left; to remain
alt. forms: 剩, 賰, 偆
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		剩, 剩餘
Mandarin	Taiwan	剩
	Wanrong	剩
	Xi'an	剩
	Guilin	剩
	Nanjing	剩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	剩
Cantonese	Hong Kong	剩
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	伸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	伸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	伸
Min Nan	Xiamen	伸
	Quanzhou	偆
	Zhangzhou	伸, 偆
	Manila (Hokkien)	伸
Wu	Danyang	剩
Wu	Ningbo	剩

Compounds

以屈求伸
仰首伸眉
伸冤
伸出 (shēnchū)
伸出援手
伸剖
伸展 (shēnzhǎn)
伸志
伸手 (shēnshǒu)
伸手牌
伸港 (Shēngǎng)
伸直 (shēnzhí)
伸眉
伸腰
伸腿 (shēntuǐ)

伸腿瞪眼
小屈大伸
屈伸 (qūshēn)
平伸
延伸 (yánshēn)
欠伸 (qiànshēn)
能屈能伸
蠖屈求伸
伸張／伸张 (shēnzhāng)
伸張正義／伸张正义
伸懶腰／伸懒腰 (shēn lǎnyāo)
伸眉吐氣／伸眉吐气
伸縮／伸缩 (shēnsuō)
伸縮尺／伸缩尺

伸縮縫／伸缩缝
伸舌頭／伸舌头
伸鉤索鐵／伸钩索铁
伸長／伸长 (shēncháng)
伸開／伸开 (shēnkāi)
伸頭探腦／伸头探脑
伸頭縮頸／伸头缩颈
屈一伸萬／屈一伸万
握鉤伸鐵／握钩伸铁
有屈無伸／有屈无伸
眉頭不伸／眉头不伸
詘寸伸尺／诎寸伸尺
轉伸／转伸
顰伸／颦伸

Japanese

Kanji

伸

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

lengthen

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kun: のびる (nobiru, 伸びる, Jōyō); のべる (noberu, 伸べる, Jōyō); のばす (nobasu, 伸ばす, Jōyō); のす (nosu, 伸す)
Nanori: のぶ (nobu); よぼる (yoboru)

Compounds

Idioms

伸(の)るか反(そ)るか (noru ka soru ka): sink or swim; come what may

Related terms

伸す
伸べ広げる

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
伸
しん Grade: S
on’yomi

伸(しん) • (Shin)

a male given name

伸(のぶる) • (Noburu)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

伸 (eumhun 펼 신 (pyeol sin))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

伸: Hán Nôm readings: thân

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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