龍

龍 (Kangxi radical 212, 龍+0, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP), four-corner 0121₁, composition ⿰𦚏⿱⺊⿷己三)

1. Kangxi radical #212, ⿓.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №427

• Appendix:Chinese radical/龍
• 瀧, 爖, 瓏, 朧, 儱, 嚨, 壠, 巄, 徿, 攏, 曨, 櫳, 矓, 礲, 蠬, 襱, 豅, 贚, 躘, 鑨, 隴
• 䆍, 䌬, 䏊, 䡁, 䪊, 䮾, 𢤱, 𤜆, 𤳽, 𦢫, 𦪽, 𧲖, 𨏠, 𨳁, 𩟭, 𪐖, 𫲘, 𮙇, 𣰵, 𧾪, 𩙘
• 𪈗, 𫑰, 𫦞, 𫿤, 𦒮, 寵, 巃, 竉, 籠, 蘢, 靇, 𠖥, 𦌼, 𩰀, 𪔷, 𫅍
• 𡃡, 𡾩, 𢤲, 𢸭, 𤮨, 𦪿, 𨇘, 𪎁, 聾, 襲, 壟, 礱, 蠪, 讋, 驡, 鸗, 㰍, 龐, 𤼃

• 竜 (Japanese shinjitai, also an ancient form of 龍)
• 龙 (Simplified Chinese)

Wikisource

• KangXi: page 1536, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48818
• Dae Jaweon: page 2076, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4803, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9F8D
• Unihan data for U+F9C4

Historical forms of the character 龍
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.

Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).

This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).

龍

1. (mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: 條／条)
2. (mythology) Western dragon
3. (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor

   龍椅／龙椅  ―  lóngyǐ  ―  imperial chair

4. (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure
5. (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object
6. (by extension) dragon-adorned object
7. (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur

   恐龍／恐龙  ―  kǒnglóng  ―  dinosaur

   翼手龍／翼手龙  ―  yìshǒulóng  ―  pterodactyl

8. (Min Dong) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised
9. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal
10. (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: 條／条 c)

    排長龍／排长龙 [Cantonese]  ―  paai⁴ coeng⁴ lung⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to form a long queue

11. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money
12. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat
13. (Shanghainese Wu, slang) a hundred of a currency designation

    Synonym: 籠／笼

14. a surname

    龍雲／龙云  ―  Lóng Yún  ―  Long Yun (Yunnan warlord)

Others:

• → Indonesian: liong
• → Middle Mongol: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)
  • Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)
    • Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu) / луу (luu)
  • → Kyrgyz: улуу (uluu)
  • → Tuvan: улу (ulu)
  • → Chagatai: اولوغ‎ (in meaning of "great")
    • Uzbek: ulug'
    • Uyghur: ئۇلۇغ‎ (ulugh)
    • Turkish: ulu (ulu, “great, big, large”), from Common Turkic *ulug.

• (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍／龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬／马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞／鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬／猪 (zhū) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese zodiac)}

• “龍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 竜)

• Go-on: りゅう (ryū)^{←りゆう (ryū, historical)}
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō)^{←りよう (ryou, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)^{←ろう (rou, historical)}
• Kun: たつ (tatsu, 龍)
• Nanori: かみ (kami); きみ (kimi); しげみ (shigemi); とお (tō); とおる (tōru); めぐむ (megumu)

• This kanji is the 旧字体 (kyūjitai) form of simplified 竜, itself as isolated 新字体 (shinjitai) kanji, but is used in Jōyō characters 襲 and 籠, with the latter categorized as Jōyō as of 2010.
• Although it is officially simplified into 竜, 龍 is often used instead for certain words for its aesthetics (such as in literary contexts or for spelling words borrowed from Chinese). For example, 烏龍茶 (ūroncha, “oolong tea”) is rarely spelled as 烏竜茶.

From Middle Chinese 龍 (MC lɨoŋ).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) りゅ​う [ryúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲɨᵝː]

• Some dictionaries classify this reading as 慣用音 (kanyōon, literally “commonly-accepted sound”) instead of 呉音 (goon).

龍(りゅう) • (ryū)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. Kyūjitai form of 竜: a Chinese dragon
2. Kyūjitai form of 竜: Synonym of ドラゴン (doragon): a Western dragon
3. Kyūjitai form of 竜: (shogi, colloquial) Short for 龍王 (ryūō): dragon king; promoted rook
4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a Chinese dragon design

• 龍(りゅう)王(おう) (ryūō)
• 龍(りゅう)胆(たん) (ryūtan)

龍(りゅう) • (ryū)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon
2. Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero
3. Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial
4. Kyūjitai form of 竜: dinosaur

龍(りゅう) • (Ryū)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. (astronomy) Short for りゅう座 (Ryūza): the constellation Draco
2. a male given name
3. a surname

From Middle Chinese 龍 (MC lɨoŋ).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) りょ​ー [ryóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲo̞ː]

龍(りょう) • (ryō)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. Kyūjitai form of 竜: (rare or in Chinese contexts) a Chinese dragon

龍(りょう) • (ryō)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon
2. Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero
3. Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial

⟨tatu⟩ → /tat͡su/

From Old Japanese.

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) たつ [tàtsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠t͡sɨᵝ]

龍(たつ) • (tatsu)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 竜)

1. Kyūjitai form of 竜: (mythology) a Japanese dragon
   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 19)

     龍　文字集略云：「龍（力鍾反。和名：太都）四足五采甚有神靈者也。」白虎通云：「鱗虫三百六十六而龍爲之長也。」

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• 竜

From Middle Chinese 龍 (MC lɨoŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 료ᇰ (lyong) (Yale: lyong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾjoŋ] ~ [joŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [룡/용]

Wikisource 龍 (eumhun 미르 룡 (mireu ryong), South Korea 미르 용 (mireu yong))

1. Hanja form^? of 룡/용 (“dragon”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Possibly from the verb 立つ (tatu, “to rise, stand”).

龍 (tatu) (kana たつ)

1. a Japanese dragon

Also used once phonetically as a 借訓 (shakkun) for ⟨tatu⟩.

• 龍田 (Tatuta)
• 龍の馬 (tatu no₂ ma)

• Japanese: 竜, 龍 (tatsu)

Coblin, reconstructing the Pai-lang pronunciation as *gljung, suggests that it derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, gorge”) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese. Compare Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Chinese 谷 (OC *kloːɡ).

龍 (*gljung)

1. gorge

• W. South Coblin, "A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs" (1979), Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 12:179–216
• Christopher I. Beckwith, "The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcriptions" (2008), in Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III

• 竜[1]

龍: Hán Việt readings: long (盧(lô)容(dung)切(thiết))[2][3][4][1][5]
龍: Nôm readings: long[2][3][1][6], lung[2][3][7], lỏng[7][5][6], lúng[7][1], luông[3], luồng[7]

1. chữ Hán form of long (“dragon”).
2. chữ Hán form of Long (“a male given name”).