瓜

See also: 爪
瓜 U+74DC, 瓜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74DC
← 瓛
[U+74DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 瓝 →
[U+74DD]
⽠ U+2F60, ⽠
KANGXI RADICAL MELON
← ⽟
[U+2F5F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽡ →
[U+2F61]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

瓜 (Kangxi radical 97, 瓜+0, 5 strokes in Chinese, 6 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹女戈人 (HVIO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰厶㇏ or ⿻𤓰丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #97, ⽠.

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 746, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21371
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1154, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2654, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+74DC

Chinese
trad. 瓜
simp. # 瓜
alternative forms 苽

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 瓜
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瓜 *kʷraː
坬 *kʷraːs
窊 *qʷraː, *qʷraːs
畖 *qʷraː
搲 *qʷraːs
攨 *qʷraːs
孤 *kʷaː
苽 *kʷaː
胍 *kʷaː
泒 *kʷaː
呱 *kʷaː
觚 *kʷaː
柧 *kʷaː
罛 *kʷaː
軱 *kʷaː
菰 *kʷaː
箛 *kʷaː
狐 *ɡʷaː
弧 *ɡʷlaː

Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines.

Etymology

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “relationship of Cantonese 瓜 'to die' to Mandarin 掛 'to die'”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • koe - vernacular;
    • koa - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 瓜
Mandarin Beijing /kua⁵⁵/
Harbin /kua⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑ²¹/
Jinan /kua²¹³/
Qingdao /kua²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kua²⁴/
Xi'an /kua²¹/
Xining /kua⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kua⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kua³¹/
Ürümqi /kua⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kua⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kua⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kua⁵⁵/
Kunming /kua̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuɑ³¹/
Hefei /kua²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kua¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑ¹³/
Hohhot /kua³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ko⁵³/
/kua⁵³/
Suzhou /ko⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑ³³/
Wenzhou /kuo³³/
Hui Shexian /kua³¹/
Tunxi /kuːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kua³³/
Xiangtan /kuɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kua⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kuɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwa⁵⁵/
Nanning /kʷa⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwa⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kua⁵⁵/
/kue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kua⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kua⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kue²³/
Rime
Character 瓜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古華切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠua/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /kua/
Wang
Li		 /kwa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gwaa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 瓜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷˁra/
English melon, gourd

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 瓜
Reading # 1/1
No. 4340
Phonetic
component		 瓜
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 瓜
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷraː/

Definitions

瓜

  1. melon; gourd; squash
    西瓜  ―  xīguā  ―  watermelon
    南瓜  ―  nánguā  ―  pumpkin
    冬瓜  ―  dōngguā  ―  winter melon
  2. (Cantonese, slang, humorous) to die
  3. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) storyful news
    今年最大的瓜  ―  jīnnián zuìdà de guā  ―  the most storyful news this year
    See also: 吃瓜
  4. (Singapore, colloquial) fellow; dude
  5. a surname

Synonyms
  • (to die):
Synonyms of 瓜

Compounds
Derived terms from 瓜

Descendants
  • → Bouyei: gval
  • → Zhuang: gve

Japanese

Kanji
瓜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. gourd, squash, melon

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
瓜
うり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ori. Found in the Man'yōshū, compiled some time after 759 CE.

Possibly derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 熟る (uru), modern form 熟れる (ureru, “to ripen”).

Possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi, “cucumber”); compare other terms in the Japonic family, such as Kikai 瓜 (ui) and Yoron 瓜 (ui).

Pronunciation

Noun

瓜(うり) • (uri) 

  1. gourd, squash, melon

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウリ.

Derived terms

Idioms
Idioms
  • 瓜(うり)の蔓(つる)には茄子(なすび)はならぬ (uri no tsuru ni wa nasubi wa naranu): “an eggplant won't grow on a gourd vine” → like father, like son, or the apple does not fall far from the tree
  • 瓜(うり)を二(ふた)つに割(わ)ったよう (uri o futatsu ni watta yō), 瓜(うり)を二(ふた)つに割(わ)りたる如(ごと)し (uri o futatsu ni waritaru gotoshi): “like a gourd split in two” → like two peas in a pod
  • 瓜二(うりふた)つ (uri futatsu): “two gourds” → like two peas in a pod
  • 瓜(うり)を二(ふた)つに割(わ)らずそのまま (uri o futatsu ni warazu sono mama): “like a gourd that hasn't even been split in two” → like two peas in a pod, more emphatically

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Kikai

Kanji

瓜 (hiragana うい, romaji ui)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”).

Noun

瓜 (hiragana うい, romaji ui)

  1. gourd

Compounds
  • 胡瓜 (きうい, kiui, “cucumber”)

Korean

Hanja

瓜 (eumhun 오이 과 (oi gwa))

  1. cucumber

Miyako

Kanji

瓜 (hiragana うーㇲ゙, romaji ūz)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”), possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi).

Noun

瓜 (hiragana うーㇲ゙, romaji ūz)

  1. melon
  2. gourd

Okinawan

Kanji
瓜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
瓜
うい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”), possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi).

Noun

瓜 (hiragana うい, rōmaji ui)

  1. melon
  2. gourd

Tày

Noun

瓜 (qua)

  1. Nôm form of qua (“melon”).

Vietnamese

Han character

瓜: Hán Việt readings: qua[1][2][3]
瓜: Nôm readings: qua[3][4][5], dưa[1][6], co[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of qua (“melon”).
  2. Nôm form of dưa (“melon”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  6. Hồ (1976).

Yoron

Kanji

瓜 (hiragana うい, romaji ui)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”).

Noun

瓜 (hiragana うい, romaji ui)

  1. cucumber, gourd
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.