Presidency of Bongbong Marcos

The presidency of Bongbong Marcos began at noon on June 30, 2022, following his inauguration as the 17th president of the Philippines, succeeding Rodrigo Duterte. His term is expected to end six years later, on June 30, 2028.

Bongbong Marcos
Presidency of Bongbong Marcos
June 30, 2022 – present
CabinetSee list
PartyPartido Federal ng Pilipinas
Election2022
SeatMalacañang Palace, Manila

Official website
This article is part of
a series about
Bongbong Marcos
Incumbent
Political campaigns
Policies
Early political career
Family
Related

Bongbong Marcos's signature

Bongbong Marcos is the son of 10th president Ferdinand Marcos, who was in power from 1965 to 1986. He belongs to the prominent and controversial Marcos family.

Marcos assumed the presidency over the Philippines as the world was still struggling from the economic and social impact brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, and its negative effects were further amplified by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Marcos initiated the rightsizing of government bureaucracy, especially in the executive branch of the government.[1] His administration oversaw the post-pandemic return to normalcy with the gradual reopening of the economy, return of face-to-face/physical classes, removal of stringent travel restrictions,[2] and the lifting of the mask-wearing mandate for outdoor and indoor settings. The rising inflation and shortage of the country’s food supply were major challenges during the beginning of his presidency.

The Philippines ratified the RCEP on February 2023.

Election, transition, and inauguration
Main articles: Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign, 2022 Philippine presidential election, Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos, and Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos
Marcos won in 64 out of 81 provinces in the 2022 presidential election[3]

Marcos ran for president on a campaign platform centered on national unity and continuity of the policies of Rodrigo Duterte, his predecessor.[4][5] He won the 2022 elections, receiving 31,629,783 (58.77%) votes out of a total of 56,097,722, beating his closest rival, Liberal Party member and Vice President Leni Robredo by over 15 million votes.[6]

Marcos became the first candidate in the history of the Fifth Republic to win by a majority, scoring nearly 59 percent of the vote. His 31,629,783 votes was not only the highest count ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined.

President-elect Bongbong Marcos (right) and outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte on June 30, 2022.

Marcos' presidential transition began on May 25, 2022, when the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed his candidacy as the winner of the 2022 Philippine presidential election held on May 9, 2022.[7]

Marcos with his family and Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo as he takes his oath as the 17th President of the Philippines.

Marcos was inaugurated as the seventeenth president of the Philippines on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts. He was sworn in by Alexander Gesmundo, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.[8] The inaugural ceremony was notable for his meeting with outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace whose departure honors were also held at the complex, the military-civic parade, and his 25-minute speech that gives a view of what his presidency will look like.[9][10]

Quirino Grandstand was the original venue for Marcos' inauguration. It was moved to the National Museum since the Manila COVID-19 Field Hospital still occupies the site at the time of the inauguration.

Major activities

Speeches
Marcos delivers his first State of the Nation Address on July 25, 2022, with Senate President Migz Zubiri (left) and House Speaker Martin Romualdez.

Major acts and legislation
Main article: List of major acts and legislation during the presidency of Bongbong Marcos

Marcos has signed five bills into law, three of which are national in scope.

Executive issuances
Main article: List of executive orders by Bongbong Marcos
See also: Ordinance Power of the President of the Philippines

Bongbong Marcos has signed a total of 20 executive orders, 195 proclamations, 5 administrative orders, 12 memorandum orders, 15 memorandum circulars, and one special order.[13]

National budget
R. A. No. Title Principal Sponsor Date signed
11936 General Appropriations Act of 2023 December 16, 2022 [14][15]

Leadership style

Marcos' leadership style was described by his press secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles as being "more systematic and efficient", compared to his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte, who was driven by passion.[16]

Administration and cabinet

Marcos began naming his Cabinet members on May 12, 2022.[17] Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking of his Cabinet officials.[18]

This table is an excerpt from List of administration members in the presidency of Bongbong Marcos § Administration and cabinet.[edit]
Office Name Term Refs.
President Bongbong Marcos June 30, 2022 – [19][20]
Head of State
Head of Government
Secretary of Agriculture
Vice-President Sara Duterte-Carpio June 30, 2022 – [21]
Secretary of Education
Executive Secretary Victor RodriguezJune 30, 2022 – September 17, 2022[22]
Ret. Chief Justice Lucas BersaminSeptember 27, 2022 –[23]
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Enrique ManaloJuly 1, 2022 –[24]
Secretary of Finance Benjamin DioknoJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Justice Jesus Crispin RemullaJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Public Works and Highways Manuel BonoanJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Labor and Employment Bienvenido LaguesmaJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of National Defense Usec. Jose Faustino Jr. (OIC) [lower-alpha 1]June 30, 2022 –January 9, 2023[25]
Carlito Galvez Jr.January 9, 2023 –[26]
Secretary of Health Usec. Maria Rosario Vergeire (OIC)July 14, 2022 –[27]
Secretary of Trade and Industry Alfredo E. PascualJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Migrant Workers Susan OpleJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development Usec. Melissa Ardanas (OIC)June 30, 2022 – July 29, 2022[28]
Jose AcuzarJuly 29, 2022 –[29]
Secretary of Social Welfare and Development Erwin TulfoJune 30, 2022 – December 23, 2022[22]
Usec. Eduardo Punay (OIC) December 23, 2022 – January 31, 2023 [30]
Rex Gatchalian January 31, 2023 – [31]
Secretary of Agrarian Reform Conrado Estrella IIIJune 30, 2022 –[32]
Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources Usec. Ernesto D. Adobo Jr. (OIC)June 30, 2022 – July 11, 2022
Toni Yulo-LoyzagaJuly 12, 2022 –[33]
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Benjamin Abalos Jr.June 30, 2022 –[34]
Secretary of Tourism Maria Esperanza Christina FrascoJune 30, 2022 –[35]
Secretary of Transportation Jaime BautistaJune 30, 2022 –[36]
Secretary of Science and Technology Renato Solidum Jr.July 22, 2022[lower-alpha 2] –[37]
Secretary of Budget and Management Amenah PangandamanJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Secretary of Energy Raphael LotillaJuly 11, 2022 –[38]
Secretary of Information and Communications Technology Ivan John Enrile UyJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority Arsenio BalisacanJune 30, 2022 –[22]
Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-AngelesJune 30, 2022 – October 4, 2022[22][39]
Cheloy V. GarafilJanuary 10, 2023[lower-alpha 3] –
National Security Adviser Clarita CarlosJune 30, 2022 – January 14, 2023[32]
Eduardo AñoJanuary 14, 2023 –[40]
Secretary of the Presidential Management Staff Zenaida Angping June 30, 2022 – December 2, 2022
Elaine T. Masukat (OIC)January 2023 – [41]
Solicitor General Menardo GuevarraJune 30, 2022 –[42]
Chief Presidential Legal Counsel Juan Ponce EnrileJune 30, 2022 –[25]
Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity Carlito Galvez Jr.June 30, 2022 – January 9, 2023[43]
Isidro PurisimaFebruary 23, 2023 –[44]
Presidential Adviser on Creative Communications Paul SorianoOctober 17, 2022 –[45]
Special Assistant to the President Antonio Lagdameo Jr.June 30, 2022 –[22]

First 100 days
Main article: First 100 days of Bongbong Marcos' presidency

During his first 100 days of presidency, Marcos focused on building the economy and the post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery. The Marcos administration faced challenges during this period such as a domestic sugar supply shortage in mid-2022, rising inflation rate brought about by the pandemic, and the economic effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The Marcos administration launched its COVID-19 booster shot campaign, PinasLakas, to administer booster doses to at least 23 million Filipinos during Marcos' first 100 days,[46] but managed to boost only 3.5 million.[47] Marcos issued an executive order allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings,[48] and extended from September 13 to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[49]

The Marcos administration launched its anti-illegal drug campaign, Buhay Ingatan, Droga'y Ayawan (BIDA), which commits to continue the war on drugs "within the framework of the law and with respect for human rights and with focus on rehabilitation and socio-economic development".[50]

Domestic affairs

10-point agenda

Marcos launched a 10-point agenda as part of his vision to further boost economic growth and rejuvenate the country's prosperity in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Marcos' agenda includes the following:[51]

  • National Reopening- aimed to reopen the face to face classes in schools throughout the country, and revitalize the country's tourism sectors.[51]
  • Public-Private Partnership- aimed to further deepen the engagements of the public and private sectors to further boost investments.[51]
  • Infrastructure Development- expansion of the Build! Build! Build! program under the Build Better More program. [51]
  • Fiscal Discipline- aimed to efficiency in tax collection through digitization. [51]
  • Transparent & Efficient Governance- establish efficiency in government processes through online systems and combat red tape.[51]
  • Digital Philippines- implementation of the Broadband ng Masa (BBM) program set to improve the country's internet services.[51]
  • Energy Security- boost local power generation and capacity through renewable energy sources and proper distribution. [51]
  • Future-ready Filipinos- provide quality education through top notch learning materials and technology tools.[51]
  • Affordable Healthcare- lower cost of medicines, expand pandemic preparedness, and build regional specialty hospitals. [51]
  • Food for All- increase agricultural output and improve the supply chain.[51]

Agriculture and agrarian reform
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Bongbong Marcos § Agriculture and agrarian reforms.[edit]

Subsequently serving as the Secretary of Agriculture, Marcos launched initiatives which aims to improve domestic agricultural output and production, while expanding measures to further establish a farm-to-market approach in providing agricultural products to local markets and far flung areas.[52][53] In August 2022, as high sugar prices impacted the country due to the effects of Typhoon Odette in December 2021, the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) in August 2022 released an order to import 300,000 metric tons (660,000,000 lb) of sugar, which is aimed to reduce costs and increase the sugar stockpiles. A few days later, Marcos rejected the proposed importation, [54] and Malacañang deemed the move as illegal, as the move was made without Marcos' approval, nor signed by him.[55] SRA Undersecretary Leocadio Sebastian later apologized for the move and later resigned his post on Marcos; behalf,[56] prompting SRA Administrator Hermenegildo Serafica and SRA board member Roland Beltran to follow suit a few days later.[57] The move also caused Malacañang to instigate reforms within the SRA organization, [58] and launched a campaign into alleged efforts of using the sugar order as a "cover measure" for hoarding by sugar traders.[59]

In November 2022, Marcos expanded the Kadiwa Project launched by the Duterte administration, which aims to offer fresh local produces to local markets and other key areas in lower prices, and creates a direct farm-to-market approach of goods and services.[60][61] The programs is located in various areas throughout the country and temporarily occupies various facilities owned by local governments. The move is also aimed to be expanded permanently to accommodate more consumers affected by inflation.[62]

In January 2023, amidst the rising prices of onions in the country, Marcos approved the importation of 21,060 metric tons (46,430,000 lb) of onions to cater the gap caused by low local outputs,[63] and stated that the government was "left without a choice" despite approving the smuggled onions to be supplied in local markets.[64]

During Marcos' 65th birthday, on September 14, 2022, Marcos signed his fourth executive order which establishes a one-year moratorium on the amortization and interest payments of agrarian reform beneficiaries. The move is seen to assist farmers from debt payments and allows a flexible approach in financial assistance.[65]

Defense
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Bongbong Marcos § Defense.[edit]

In August 2022, the Marcos administration said it was considering ordering helicopters from the United States military, such as the Boeing CH-47 Chinook, in turn of the 16 Russian Mil Mi-17 military helicopters purchased by the Duterte administration, but cancelled the program a few days before the end of Duterte's term due to fears of possible United States sanctions such as the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) sanctions due to the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Negotiations are also ongoing to procure limited units which was paid by the government to Rosoboronexport.[66][67]

Marcos also expressed support for the AFP Modernization Program,[68] which aims to boost the country's defense capabilities and ordered the Armed Forces of the Philippines shift its focus on its operations in strengthening external threats, due to the lowered risks in the aftermath of the country's insurgencies, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the rising threats of a potential Chinese invasion of Taiwan, such as the Chinese military exercises around Taiwan. In a speech held during the 126th anniversary of the Philippine Army, Marcos stated that the country's external security situation is becoming "more complex and unpredictable", and forces the government to adjust its strategies "needed in the modern battlefield".[69]

Economy
Real GDP growth rate (year-on-year) under the Marcos Jr. administration
Year Quarter Growth
rate
2022 3rd 7.6%[70]
4th 7.2%[71]

The Philippines finally ratified the RCEP on February 21, 2023, the largest trade bloc in history.[72]

Education

Marcos appointed his then-running mate and now Vice President Sara Duterte to concurrently serve as the Secretary of Education. Public schools in the Philippines started full in-person classes on November 2, 2022, after two years of hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[73]

Gambling policy

In December 2022, Marcos issued an executive order formalizing former President Rodrigo Duterte's spoken order earlier that May to suspend e-sabong (online cockfighting) operations in the country.[74]

Infrastructure
Main article: Build Better More

The Marcos administration will continue the Build! Build! Build! infrastructure program of his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte. It was superseded by the Build, Better, More program, which added more infrastructure projects.[75] The Marcos administration approved 194 infrastructure projects, with a total cost of PHP 9-trillion.[76] It includes projects in public transport, physical connectivity, as well as water resources, digital connectivity, health, agriculture, and power. 77 of those project were carried from past administrations while 123 are “new and initiated” by the Marcos administration.[77]

Public housing

The Marcos administration envisions to build 1 million housing units annually in order to address the country's backlog of 6.5 million housing units.[78] 28 local government units (LGUs) have signed a memorandum of understanding with the DHSUD to pursue housing projects, with 11 of them already in the construction stage.[79]

Transportation

The Marcos administration vows to improve the transportation system of the Philippines and has declared that it will pursue more projects.[80][81][82] Marcos pursued the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program, which will phase out old traditional jeepneys and replace them with more modern public utility vehicles. It resulted in a weeklong nationwide transport strike in March 2023.

Telecommunications

In 2022, the Marcos administration launched the BroadBand ng Masa Program to provide internet in remote areas.[83] To "boost government initiatives against scams committed through text and online messages", Marcos signed his first law, which mandated SIM card registration.[84]

Foreign affairs
See also: List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos

Marcos sought to continue his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte's "friends to all, enemies to none" approach to foreign policy.[85]

Marcos asserts that his administration does not intend for the Philippines to re-apply for International Criminal Court (ICC) membership following the country's withdrawal from the international tribunal under his predecessor that took effect in March 2019.[86] In 2023, the Marcos administration submitted two separate requests in February and March to suspend the probe of the ICC into the war on drugs during Duterte's presidency and the killings in the Davao area between November 1, 2011, and June 30, 2016; the administration argued that the Philippine government is investigating and has already investigated cases of alleged crimes against humanity, and that the ICC investigation would encroach on the Philippines' sovereignty.[87][88] After the ICC rejected the Philippines' requests, Marcos, on March 28, said the Philippines is "disengaging" from any contact and communication with the ICC, saying he considers the ICC jurisdiction over the Philippines as an interference and "practically attacks on the sovereignty".[87]

China and the South China Sea
President Marcos with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Bangkok, November 2022

Marcos pledged to continue former president Duterte's policy of strengthening relations with China, whom he labeled the Philippines' "strongest partner."[89] He favors a pacifist approach to resolving the territorial disputes in the South China Sea (West Philippine Sea),[90] specifically "through diplomacy and dialogue."[91] Marcos has urged his fellow ASEAN leaders to complete a code of conduct for the South China Sea in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea signed between ASEAN and China in 2002.[92]

While campaigning for president in January 2022, Marcos committed to "set aside" Philippines v. China in favor of direct negotiations with the Chinese government over the disputes, stating that the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling was "no longer available" to the Philippine government because China, among many other parties, had rejected it.[93] However, following his election in May, then-president-elect Marcos declared that he would uphold Philippines v. China, vowing to invoke the ruling "to assert [the Philippines'] territorial rights" if and where necessary.[94]

While addressing the Asia Society in New York City in September 2022, Marcos clarified that his country has "no territorial conflict with China" but rather, "China [is] claiming territory that belongs to the Philippines." He acknowledged the necessity of closer cooperation with his country's allies if the disputes escalated to war, as China's military capabilities are nearly 15 times "stronger" than the Philippines.[95]

United States

Unlike Duterte, whose foreign policy lessened the country's dependence on the United States, Marcos strengthened the Philippines' relations with its traditional ally.[96][97] Marcos shifted the Philippines' defense policy by approving five additional sites across the country for the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement following the visit of US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin in Manila in February 2023,[98] risking invoking China's fury and dragging the Philippines into a US-China conflict over Taiwan.[99][100]

Approval ratings
This section is an excerpt from First 100 days of Bongbong Marcos' presidency § Approval ratings.[edit]
A Pulse Asia September 2022 survey of 1,200 respondents nationwide revealed that the Marcos administration received high approval ratings on its addressing of 11 of 13 key issues in the country; calamity response and controlling the spread of COVID-19 were both rated the highest, at 78%, while performance in poverty reduction (39%) and control of inflation (31%) ranked the lowest.[101]

Protests
Main article: Protests against Bongbong Marcos

Mobilizations against Marcos' presidency have occurred as protests against historical distortion,[102] human rights violations,[103] and economic conditions.[104]

Notes
  1. As Faustino retired from military service on November 12, 2021, in adherence to Republic Act 6975 banning the appointment of retired military officers for a year, he will first serve as a senior undersecretary and officer-in-charge of the Department of National Defense beginning June 30, 2022.[25]
  2. Solidum served as the Officer–in–Charge from June 30 to July 22, 2022.
  3. Garafil served as the Officer–in–Charge from October 7, 2022 to January 10, 2023.

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