Portal:Lithuania

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Lithuania (/ˌlɪθjuˈniə/ (listen); Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika [lʲɪɛtʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ]), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages.

For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania on 6 July 1253. In the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe; present-day Lithuania, Belarus, most of Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were all lands of the Grand Duchy. The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de facto personal union from 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King jure uxoris Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland. The Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania was established by the Union of Lublin in July 1569. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries dismantled it in 1772–1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory. As World War I ended, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. In World War II, Lithuania was occupied first by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany. Towards the end of the war in 1944, when the Germans were retreating, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. Lithuanian armed resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania passed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, becoming the first Soviet republic to break away when it proclaimed the restoration of its independence.

Lithuania is a developed country, with a high income advanced economy; ranking very high 35th in the Human Development Index. Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, eurozone, the Nordic Investment Bank, Schengen Agreement, NATO and OECD. It also participates in the Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) regional co-operation format. (Full article...)

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Welles Declaration, July 23, 1940

The Welles Declaration was a diplomatic statement issued on July 23, 1940, by Sumner Welles, the acting US Secretary of State, condemning the June 1940 occupation by the Soviet army of the three Baltic countriesEstonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – and refusing to diplomatically recognize their subsequent annexation into the Soviet Union. It was an application of the 1932 Stimson Doctrine of nonrecognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force and was consistent with US President Franklin Roosevelt's attitude towards violent territorial expansion.

The 1940 Soviet invasion was an implementation of its 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact, which contained a secret protocol by which Nazi Germany and Stalinist USSR agreed to partition the independent nations between them. After the pact, the Soviets engaged in a series of ultimatums and actions ending in the annexation of the Baltic states during the summer of 1940. The area held little strategic importance to the United States, but several legations of the US State Department established had diplomatic relationships there. The United States and the United Kingdom anticipated future involvement in the war, but US non-interventionism and a foreseeable British–Soviet alliance deterred open confrontation over the Baltic states. (Full article...)
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Military of Lithuania
Public holidays in Lithuania
DateEnglish nameLocal nameRemarks
1 JanuaryNew Year's DayNaujieji metai 
16 Februarythe Day of Restoration of the State of Lithuania (1918)Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo diena 
11 MarchDay of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania (from the Soviet Union, 1990)Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo diena 
The first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March and following MondayEasterVelykosCommemorates resurrection of Jesus
1 MayInternational Workers' DayTarptautinė darbo diena  
First Sunday in MayMother's DayMotinos diena 
First Sunday in JuneFather's DayTėvo diena 
24 JuneSt. John's Day [Christian name], Day of Dew [original pagan name]Joninės, RasosCelebrated according to mostly pagan traditions. (aka: Midsummer Day, Saint Jonas Day)
6 JulyStatehood DayValstybės (Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo) dienaCommemorates coronation of the first king, Mindaugas
15 AugustAssumption DayŽolinė (Švč. Mergelės Marijos ėmimo į dangų diena) 
1 NovemberAll Saints' DayVisų šventųjų diena (Vėlinės) 
24 DecemberChristmas EveŠv. Kūčios 
25 and 26 DecemberChristmasŠv. KalėdosCommemorates birth of Jesus

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