vaj
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
Audio (AU) (file)
Albanian
Etymology 1
- Uncertain. Perhaps from the alternative, the interjection meaning 'woe', connecting the tears with oil. Another theory suggests the term vaj might have evolved from Old Albanian *vaīlë (compare the dialectal forms) and earlier *ewaila, becoming cognate with Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa) and Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”) both, in turn, deriving from a Mediterranean substrate language.
- From Proto-Albanian *u̯ɔλa, from Vulgar Latin *oli̯u, from Latin oleum,[1] from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).
Etymology 2
Possibly from Proto-Albanian *uai, from Proto-Indo-European *wáy, *uai (“woe!, alas!”); similar words are found in several European languages. Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀά (oá, “woe!, alas!”) and Old Armenian վայ (vay, “cry of pain”), Latin vae, Icelandic vei, Dutch wee, English woe. Compare also Romanian vai, Serbo-Croatian авај (avaj), Italian guai. In view of a widespread secondary meaning 'to cry', one may also consider Proto-Albanian *vabja, connected with Old Church Slavonic вабимо (vabimo, “being lured”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “call out”), Old English wēpan (“weep, cry”).
Related terms
- vajtoj
- kukuvajkë
References
- Stefan Schumacher & Joachim Matzinger, Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 245.
Francisco León Zoque
References
- Engel, Ralph; Allhiser de Engel, Mary; Mateo Alvarez, José (1987) Diccionario zoque de Francisco León (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 30) (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 218
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Ugric *wåjĭ, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *waje. Cognates include Mansi во̄й (vōj) and Finnish voi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɒj]
Audio (file)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vaj | vajak |
accusative | vajat | vajakat |
dative | vajnak | vajaknak |
instrumental | vajjal | vajakkal |
causal-final | vajért | vajakért |
translative | vajjá | vajakká |
terminative | vajig | vajakig |
essive-formal | vajként | vajakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vajban | vajakban |
superessive | vajon | vajakon |
adessive | vajnál | vajaknál |
illative | vajba | vajakba |
sublative | vajra | vajakra |
allative | vajhoz | vajakhoz |
elative | vajból | vajakból |
delative | vajról | vajakról |
ablative | vajtól | vajaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
vajé | vajaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vajéi | vajakéi |
Possessive forms of vaj | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vajam | vajaim |
2nd person sing. | vajad | vajaid |
3rd person sing. | vaja | vajai |
1st person plural | vajunk | vajaink |
2nd person plural | vajatok | vajaitok |
3rd person plural | vajuk | vajaik |
Further reading
- (butter): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([dialectal] or): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([archaic; alternative form of vajh] I wonder): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([poetic; obsolete; alternative form of vajh] oh): vaj in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Romani
Swedish
Etymology
Originally an older Stockholm pronunciation of varg (“wolf, defect product”), with loss of /r/ before /j/.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vaj/
- Rhymes: -aj
Derived terms
Tzotzil
Pronunciation
- (Zinacantán) IPA(key): /βäh/
Derived terms
References
- “vah(3)” in Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.