provost

From Middle English, from late Old English profost, from Late Latin prōpositus, variant of Latin praepositus (“[one] placed in command”). In some senses, via Anglo-Norman provolt &c.; via Anglo-Norman and Old French provost (modern French prévôt). As a Central European ecclesiastical office, via German Propst, Danish provst, &c.

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɒvəst/, /ˈpɹɒvɒst/

  (UK, military police): IPA^(key): /pɹəʊˈvəʊ/

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹoʊvoʊst/, /ˈpɹɑvəst/
• Rhymes: (military police) -əʊ

provost (plural provosts)

1. One placed in charge: a head, a chief, particularly:
   1. (religion, historical) A dean: the head of a cathedral chapter.
   2. (religion) The head of various other ecclesiastical bodies, even (rare, obsolete) muezzins.
   3. (religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.
   4. (UK, higher education) The head of various colleges and universities.
   5. (obsolete) A ruler.
   6. A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.
2. A senior deputy, a superintendent, particularly:
   1. (religion, historical) A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.
   2. (US, higher education) A senior deputy administrator; a vice-president of academic affairs.
      • September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian‎:

        The princess, already a serious and diligent child, was given lessons on constitutional matters by Sir Henry Marten, the provost of Eton, and became aware even then that she should not show emotion and must maintain a certain reserve.

   3. (historical) A steward or seneschal: a medieval agent given management of a feudal estate or charged with collecting fees; (obsolete, sometimes as ~ of Paradise or ~ of Heaven) a title of the archangel Michael.
   4. (historical) Any manager or overseer in a medieval or early modern context.
   5. (obsolete) A viceroy.
   6. (obsolete) A governor.
   7. (obsolete) A reeve.
   8. (obsolete) The head of various Roman offices, such as prefect and praetor.
   9. (historical) A constable: a medieval or early modern official charged with arresting, holding, and punishing criminals.
      • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], line 113:

        Here comes Signor Claudio, led by the provost
        to prison;

   10. (military) An officer of the military police, particularly provost marshal or provost sergeant.
   11. (fencing, historical) An assistant fencing master.
3. (UK, military slang, obsolete) A provost cell: a military cell or prison.

• (head of cathedral chapter): See dean
• (head of a university or college): president, dean
• (head of a realm or state): See Thesaurus:ruler
• (head of a town): See mayor
• (head of various specific bodies): prepositus
• (deputy overseeing medieval estates or fees): See steward
• (deputy to a king or emperor): See viceroy
• (deputy overseeing a province): See governor
• (reeve): See reeve
• (Roman officials): See prefect and praetor
• (deputy overseeing medieval law enforcement; military police): See Thesaurus:police officer

• Lord Provost
• provost cell
• Provost Marshall, provost marshal
• provostal
• provostorial
• provost-place
• provost seal
• provost sergeant
• sit provost-place

provost (third-person singular simple present provosts, present participle provosting, simple past and past participle provosted)

1. (UK, transitive, used in passive, obsolete, military slang) To be delivered to a provost marshal for punishment.

   Around the time of the Rebellions of 1837 and the First Anglo-Afghan War, British servicemen spoke of being provosted.

• Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "provost, n." and "† provost, v." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2007.