prj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *par-/*pir- (“to go out”).[1]

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈpiːɾit/ → /ˈpiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈpiːɾaʔ/ → /ˈpiːɾə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to emerge, to come forth, to go forth (+ m: from; + ḥr: through)
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1:
      jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).k
      Let your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 18–19:










      pr.n.f mḏḥ.w m wḏ n(j) gbb šzp.n.f ḥqꜣt jdbwj wrrt mn.tj m tp.f
      He came forth wreathed at the command of Geb, having received the rulership of the Two Riverbanks (Egypt), the White Crown fixed upon his head.
  2. (intransitive) to ascend, to go up (+ r: to)
    • c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — west wall of the antechamber, line 22–23, spell 474.4–474.5:[2]








      pr.f r.f jr pt mm sbꜣw mm j.ḫmw-skj ꜣt ppy tp.f šꜥt.f r gswj.f ḥkꜣw.f jr rd[wj.f]
      So he goes forth to the sky among the stars, among the circumpolar stars, with Pepi’s striking-power atop him, his viciousness at his sides, and his magic at his feet.
Inflection
Conjugation of prj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: pr, geminated stem: prr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
prt, prj
 prw, pr
 prt, prwt, pryt
 pr
 pr, pry
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
pr8, prr8
 ḥr prt, ḥr prj
 m prt, m prj
 r prt, r prj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect pr.n
 consecutive pr.jn
terminative prt, pryt
perfective3 pr
 obligative1 pr.ḫr
imperfective pr, pry
prospective3 prw, pr, pry
 potentialis1 pr.kꜣ
subjunctive pr, pry
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect pr.n
 — —
perfective prw1, pry, pr
 pr
 pry, pr
imperfective prr, prry, prrw5
 prr, prrj6, prry6
 prr, prrw5
prospective prw1, pry, pr, prtj7
 prwtj1 4, prtj4, prt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲓⲣⲓ (phiri)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲉ (peire)

Pronunciation

Noun


 m

  1. battlefield
Inflection
Declension of prj (masculine)
singular prj
dual prjwj
plural prjw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of prj  
prj

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 70
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
  1. Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*pa/ir-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 474.4–474.5 (Pyr. 940a–940c), P
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