paha

See also: рана

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • IPA(key): /ˈpahaʔ/

Adjective

pahà

  1. thirsty
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish paja (straw).

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • IPA(key): /ˈpaha/

Noun

páha

  1. belt
    Synonyms: hagkos, sinturon
  2. sash
    Synonym: abay

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha, borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*bāga-), from Proto-Germanic *bēgaz.

Adjective

paha (genitive paha, partitive paha, comparative pahem, superlative kõige pahem)

  1. bad
  2. evil

Declension


Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑɦɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pa‧ha

Adjective

paha (comparative pahempi, superlative pahin)

  1. bad, evil, ill
    Synonyms: häijy, ilkeä
    Antonyms: hyvä, kiltti
  2. bad, unsuitable, unfitting, unhealthy
    Synonym: huono
    Antonym: hyvä
  3. bad, difficult, serious, severe, urgent
    Synonym: vakava
  4. difficult, hard, tricky
    paha kysymysa tricky question
    Synonym: vaikea
    Antonym: helppo
  5. (chiefly in expressions) bad, sorry
    Minulla on paha mieli.I feel sad / offended. (literally, “I have a bad mind.”)

Declension

Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative paha pahat
genitive pahan pahojen
partitive pahaa pahoja
illative pahaan pahoihin
singular plural
nominative paha pahat
accusative nom. paha pahat
gen. pahan
genitive pahan pahojen
pahainrare
partitive pahaa pahoja
inessive pahassa pahoissa
elative pahasta pahoista
illative pahaan pahoihin
adessive pahalla pahoilla
ablative pahalta pahoilta
allative pahalle pahoille
essive pahana pahoina
translative pahaksi pahoiksi
instructive pahoin
abessive pahatta pahoitta
comitative pahoine
Possessive forms of paha (type kala)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
possessor singular plural
1st person pahani pahamme
2nd person pahasi pahanne
3rd person pahansa

Derived terms

adverbs
nouns
verbs

Noun

paha

  1. the evil
    Synonym: pahuus
    Antonyms: hyvä, hyvyys

Declension

Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative paha
genitive pahan
partitive pahaa
illative pahaan
singular plural
nominative paha
accusative nom. paha
gen. pahan
genitive pahan
partitive pahaa
inessive pahassa
elative pahasta
illative pahaan
adessive pahalla
ablative pahalta
allative pahalle
essive pahana
translative pahaksi
instructive
abessive pahatta
comitative
Possessive forms of paha (type kala)
possessor singular plural
1st person pahani pahamme
2nd person pahasi pahanne
3rd person pahansa

Derived terms


Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

paha

  1. Used to indicate the conditional mood, expressed in English as perhaps, might, possibly

Usage notes

Follows the word it modifies.

Conjunction

ā ... paha

  1. or

Usage notes

The verb (and its modifying particles) go between ā and paha.


Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaha/
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • Rhymes: -ha, -a

Noun

paha (first-person possessive pahaku, second-person possessive pahamu, third-person possessive pahanya)

  1. (anatomy) thigh (upper leg)

Derived terms

  • memaha
  • sepaha
  • paha belalang

Further reading


Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha

Adjective

paha (comparative pahemp)

  1. bad

Declension

Declension of paha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative paha pahat
genitive pahan pahhoin
partitive pahhaa pahoja
illative pahhaa pahhoi
inessive pahas pahois
elative pahast pahoist
allative pahalle pahoille
adessive pahal pahoil
ablative pahalt pahoilt
translative pahaks pahoiks
essive pahanna, pahhaan pahoinna, pahhoin
exessive1) pahant pahoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 371

Karelian

Regional variants of paha
North Karelian
(Viena)
paha
South Karelian
(Tver)
paha

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha

Noun

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)

  1. evil spirit

Adjective

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahempi or pahembi, superlative pahemmin)

  1. bad

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative paha pahat
genitive pahan pahojen
partitive pahua pahoja
illative pahah pahoih
inessive pahašša pahoissa
elative pahašta pahoista
adessive pahalla pahoilla
ablative pahalta pahoilta
translative pahakši pahoiksi
essive pahana pahoina
comitative pahoineh
comitative pahatta pahoitta
Tver Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala no gradation)
singular plural
nominative paha pahat
genitive pahan pahoin
partitive pahua pahoida
illative pahah pahoih
inessive pahašša pahoissa
elative pahašta pahoista
adessive pahalla pahoilla
ablative pahalda pahoilda
translative pahakši pahoiksi
essive pahana pahoina
comitative pahanke pahoinke
comitative pahatta pahoitta
Possessive forms of paha
1st person pahani
2nd person pahaš
3rd person pahah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

  • A. V. Punzhina (1994), “paha”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • Rhymes: -ɑhɑ

Adjective

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahembi, superlative pahin)

  1. bad
  2. wicked

Noun

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)

  1. grief
  2. evil

Declension

Declension of paha (Type 1/griba, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative paha pahat
genitive pahan pahoin
partitive pahua pahoi
illative pahah pahoih
inessive pahas pahois
elative pahaspäi pahoispäi
allative pahale pahoile
adessive pahal pahoil
ablative pahalpäi pahoilpäi
translative pahakse pahoikse
essive pahannu pahoinnu
abessive pahattah pahoittah
comitative pahanke pahoinke
instructive pahoin
prolative pahači

References

  • Tatjana Boiko (2019), “paha”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 198

Malay

Alternative forms

  • peha (common nonstandard spelling)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /paha/
    • (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [pəhə]
  • Rhymes: -aha, -ha, -a

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa. Cognate with Tagalog paa (foot).

Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)

  1. thigh (upper leg)
    Paha ayam
    Chicken thigh
    Paha manusia
    Human thigh
Descendants
  • Indonesian: paha

Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)

  1. (archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter
    Synonyms: perempat, suku

Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)

  1. a type of bird; Dicrurus aeneus malayensis

Further reading


Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish faja, from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • IPA(key): /ˈpaha/, [ˈpa.hɐ]

Noun

paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)

  1. girdle; band; binder
    Synonyms: bigkis, tali, laso
  2. paper band such as those wrapped around newspapers or magazines for addressing and mailing purposes

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish paja, from Old Spanish paxa, from Latin palea.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha
  • IPA(key): /ˈpaha/, [ˈpa.hɐ]

Noun

paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)

  1. straw
    Synonym: dayami

References


Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بها (baha, paha), from Persian بها.

Noun

paha (definite accusative pahayı, plural pahalar)

  1. price

Declension

Inflection
Nominative paha
Definite accusative pahayı
Singular Plural
Nominative paha pahalar
Definite accusative pahayı pahaları
Dative pahaya pahalara
Locative pahada pahalarda
Ablative pahadan pahalardan
Genitive pahanın pahaların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular paham pahalarım
2nd singular pahan pahaların
3rd singular pahası pahaları
1st plural pahamız pahalarımız
2nd plural pahanız pahalarınız
3rd plural pahaları pahaları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular pahamı pahalarımı
2nd singular pahanı pahalarını
3rd singular pahasını pahalarını
1st plural pahamızı pahalarımızı
2nd plural pahanızı pahalarınızı
3rd plural pahalarını pahalarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular pahama pahalarıma
2nd singular pahana pahalarına
3rd singular pahasına pahalarına
1st plural pahamıza pahalarımıza
2nd plural pahanıza pahalarınıza
3rd plural pahalarına pahalarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular pahamda pahalarımda
2nd singular pahanda pahalarında
3rd singular pahasında pahalarında
1st plural pahamızda pahalarımızda
2nd plural pahanızda pahalarınızda
3rd plural pahalarında pahalarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular pahamdan pahalarımdan
2nd singular pahandan pahalarından
3rd singular pahasından pahalarından
1st plural pahamızdan pahalarımızdan
2nd plural pahanızdan pahalarınızdan
3rd plural pahalarından pahalarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular pahamın pahalarımın
2nd singular pahanın pahalarının
3rd singular pahasının pahalarının
1st plural pahamızın pahalarımızın
2nd plural pahanızın pahalarınızın
3rd plural pahalarının pahalarının
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular pahayım pahalarım
2nd singular pahasın pahalarsın
3rd singular paha
pahadır
pahalar
pahalardır
1st plural pahayız pahalarız
2nd plural pahasınız pahalarsınız
3rd plural pahalar pahalardır

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha.

Adjective

paha

  1. bad
  2. unkind
  3. disgusting, distasteful
  4. harmful

Inflection

Inflection of paha (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing. paha
genitive sing. pahan
partitive sing. pahad
partitive plur. pahoid
singular plural
nominative paha pahad
accusative pahan pahad
genitive pahan pahoiden
partitive pahad pahoid
essive-instructive pahan pahoin
translative pahaks pahoikš
inessive pahas pahoiš
elative pahaspäi pahoišpäi
illative pahaze pahoiže
adessive pahal pahoil
ablative pahalpäi pahoilpäi
allative pahale pahoile
abessive pahata pahoita
comitative pahanke pahoidenke
prolative pahadme pahoidme
approximative I pahanno pahoidenno
approximative II pahannoks pahoidennoks
egressive pahannopäi pahoidennopäi
terminative I pahazesai pahoižesai
terminative II pahalesai pahoilesai
terminative III pahassai
additive I pahazepäi pahoižepäi
additive II pahalepäi pahoilepäi

Derived terms

References


Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha.

Pronunciation

  • (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ha

Adjective

paha

  1. bad, poor
  2. bad, evil, ill
  3. mischievous

Inflection

Declension of paha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative paha pahad
genitive paha pahoje, pahojõ, pahoi
partitive pahha pahoitõ, pahoi
illative pahha, pahhasõ pahoje, pahojõ, pahoisõ
inessive pahaz pahoiz
elative pahassõ pahoissõ
allative pahalõ pahoilõ
adessive pahallõ pahoillõ
ablative pahaltõ pahoiltõ
translative pahassi pahoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

  • V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), paha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn
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