lupa
Basque
Declension
Declension of lupa (inanimate, ending in -a) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | lupa | lupa | lupak |
ergative | lupak | lupak | lupek |
dative | lupari | lupari | lupei |
genitive | luparen | luparen | lupen |
comitative | luparekin | luparekin | lupekin |
causative | luparengatik | luparengatik | lupengatik |
benefactive | luparentzat | luparentzat | lupentzat |
instrumental | lupaz | lupaz | lupez |
inessive | lupatan | lupan | lupetan |
locative | lupatako | lupako | lupetako |
allative | lupatara | lupara | lupetara |
terminative | lupataraino | luparaino | lupetaraino |
directive | lupatarantz | luparantz | lupetarantz |
destinative | lupatarako | luparako | lupetarako |
ablative | lupatatik | lupatik | lupetatik |
partitive | luparik | — | — |
prolative | lupatzat | — | — |
Catalan
Further reading
- “lupa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlupa]
- Rhymes: -upa
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlupa]
- Rhymes: -upa
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lupa, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”) (note the descendant Old Norse lof (“praise, permission”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century)-
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈlupɑ]
- Rhymes: -upɑ
- Syllabification(key): lu‧pa
Noun
lupa
- permission
- Minulla on lupa olla poissa koulusta tänään.
- I have permission to be absent from the school today.
- Minulla on lupa ampumiseen.
- I have permission to shoot.
- Minulla on lupa olla poissa koulusta tänään.
- a license, permit
Usage notes
That one has permission can always be expressed with the active first infinitive ("base form") of the verb, like olla in the first example above. Sometimes, especially if there are no other specifiers in addition to the verb, the illative of the active fourth infinitive is also accepted, like ampumiseen in the second example.
Declension
Inflection of lupa (Kotus type 10*E/koira, p-v gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | lupa | luvat | |
genitive | luvan | lupien | |
partitive | lupaa | lupia | |
illative | lupaan | lupiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | lupa | luvat | |
accusative | nom. | lupa | luvat |
gen. | luvan | ||
genitive | luvan | lupien lupainrare | |
partitive | lupaa | lupia | |
inessive | luvassa | luvissa | |
elative | luvasta | luvista | |
illative | lupaan | lupiin | |
adessive | luvalla | luvilla | |
ablative | luvalta | luvilta | |
allative | luvalle | luville | |
essive | lupana | lupina | |
translative | luvaksi | luviksi | |
instructive | — | luvin | |
abessive | luvatta | luvitta | |
comitative | — | lupineen |
Possessive forms of lupa (type koira) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | lupani | lupamme |
2nd person | lupasi | lupanne |
3rd person | lupansa |
Compounds
- arpajaislupa
- aseenkantolupa
- elinkeinolupa
- hallussapitolupa
- hirvenkaatolupa
- hirvilupa
- julkaisulupa
- kaatolupa
- kauttakulkulupa
- kulkulupa
- lakkolupa
- liikennelupa
- lupa-anomus
- lupahakemus
- lupakirja
- lupalappu
- lupamaksu
- lupapäivä
- lupapäätös
- lupatarkastaja
- luvananto
- luvanhaku
- luvanvarainen
- lähtölupa
- maahantulolupa
- maahantuontilupa
- oleskelulupa
- opetuslupa
- poikkeuslupa
- poistumislupa
- rakennuslupa
- saarnalupa
- siirtolupa
- taksilupa
- televisiolupa
- toimilupa
- tuontilupa
- työlupa
- valituslupa
- vientilupa
- ympäristölupa
References
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2013). Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja. Helsinki: Sanoma Pro OY. →ISBN.
Galician
Indonesian
Etymology
- from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lupa, from Proto-Austronesian *lupa (“to forget”).
- From Sanskrit लोप (lopa, “neglect”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu.pa/
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
- Rhymes: -pa, -a
Derived terms
- kelupaan
- lupa-lupa
- lupa-lupaan
- melupa
- melupai
- melupakan
- pelupa
- terlupa
- terlupakan
- lupa daratan
- lupa diri
Further reading
- “lupa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫupɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫub̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -upɑ
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Declension
Declension of lupa (type 3/koira, p-v gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | lupa | luvat |
genitive | luvan | luppiin |
partitive | luppaa | luppia |
illative | luppaa | luppii |
inessive | luvas | luvis |
elative | luvast | luvist |
allative | luvalle | luville |
adessive | luval | luvil |
ablative | luvalt | luvilt |
translative | luvaks | luviks |
essive | lupanna, luppaan | lupinna, luppiin |
exessive1) | lupant | lupint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
Italian
Etymology
For Vulgar Latin *lūpa instead of the attested Latin lupa, also reflected by Piedmontese and Lombard luf, perhaps onomatopoeic of the wolf's howling. Similarly unexpected is French loup (despite Old French leu).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/
- Rhymes: -upa
- Hyphenation: lù‧pa
Derived terms
Kapampangan
Karelian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).
Latin
Etymology
The feminine version of lupus. The sense “prostitute” is either a comparison of the prostitutes' predation on men to the wolf's rapacity,[1] as also in Isidore's (often fanciful) opinion,[2] or a reference to the she-wolf's uncleanliness and promiscuity (often culturally conflated), parallelled in English bitch.[3]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/, [ˈɫ̪ʊpä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/, [ˈluːpä]
Declension
First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | lupa | lupae |
Genitive | lupae | lupārum |
Dative | lupae | lupīs lupābus |
Accusative | lupam | lupās |
Ablative | lupā | lupīs lupābus |
Vocative | lupa | lupae |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- J. N. Adams (1983), “WORDS FOR 'PROSTITUTE' IN LATIN”, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, volume 126, issue 3/4, ISSN 0035-449X, page 333 of 321–358
- Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 10.163: "lupa, meretrix, a rapacitate uocata, quod ad se rapiat miseros et adprehendat"
- Servius on Virgil's Aeneid 3.647: "lupae, id est meretrices, dictae ab obscenitatis et odoris similitudine."
Further reading
- “lupa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “lupa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “lupa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lupa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu.pä/, /lu.pə/
- Rhymes: -pa
- Rhymes: -a
Verb
lupa (Jawi spelling لوڤا)
- to forget
- Aku sudah lupa yang dia sudah berpindah!
- I've forgotten that she's moved away!
Further reading
- “lupa” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from French loupe, from Middle French loupe, from Old French loupe, from Frankish *luppa, from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ, *lub-, from Proto-Indo-European *lep-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlu.pa/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -upa
- Syllabification: lu‧pa
Declension
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlu.pɐ/
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Sicilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lupa/
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Etymology 3
From the sound of brogna during the fog.
Spanish
Further reading
- “lupa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
- IPA(key): /ˈlupaʔ/, [ˈlu.pɐʔ]
Noun
lupà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜉ)
Derived terms
- guho ng lupa
- hampaslupa
- hilig-makalupa
- kalupaan
- katawang-lupa
- laang lupa
- lamang-lupa
- langit at lupa
- langit-lupa
- Lupa
- lupaan
- lupain
- lupaing-bayan
- lupang payapa
- lupang-tinubuan
- makalupa
- maylupa
- panlupa
- sangkalupaan
See also
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫupɑ]
- Rhymes: -upɑ
- Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Inflection
Declension of lupa (type V/poikõ, p-v gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | lupa | luvad |
genitive | luva | lupije, lupijõ, lupi |
partitive | luppa | lupitõ, lupi |
illative | luppa, luppasõ | lupije, lupijõ, lupisõ |
inessive | luvaz | lupiz |
elative | luvassõ | lupissõ |
allative | luvalõ | lupilõ |
adessive | luvallõ | lupillõ |
ablative | luvaltõ | lupiltõ |
translative | luvassi | lupissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈl̪u.pa/
Conjugation
Conjugation of lupa (stative verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tilupa | milupa | alupa | |
2nd person | nilupa | filupa | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ilupa | dilupa | |
animate | malupa | |||
imperative | —, lupa | —, lupa |