kuru
English
Etymology
From Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).[1][2] Perhaps eventually from Proto-Gorokan *kút(V) (“dangling, shaking”) if cognate with the reduplicated element of Yagaria gúli gúli hu- (“be loose, rattle”).
Pronunciation
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/
Noun
kuru (uncountable)
- A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 273:
- By the late 1950s, kuru was the leading cause of death among Fore women, and it had killed so many that men outnumbered women by three to one.
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 273:
Synonyms
Translations
References
- Scott, Graham (1978) The Fore Language of Papua New Guinea, Pacific Linguistics, DOI:, →ISBN, pages 2, 6
- “Kuru: Clinical study of a new syndrome resembling paralysis agitans in natives of the Eastern Highlands of Australian New Guinea”, in Medical Journal of Australia, volume 2, issue 21, 23 November 1957, DOI:, pages 745-754
Ainu
Alternative forms
- (apocopic) kur
Noun
kuru (Kana spelling クル, plural utara)
Usage notes
This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者 (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.
Fijian
Etymology
From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuru, from Proto-Oceanic *kuruq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guruq.
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkuru/, [ˈkuru]
- Rhymes: -uru
- Syllabification(key): ku‧ru
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kuru (compare Estonian kuru), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure (compare Komi-Zyrian кыр (kyr), Eastern Mari курык (kuryk), Khanty кор (kor)).
Noun
kuru
Declension
Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | kurut | |
genitive | kurun | kurujen | |
partitive | kurua | kuruja | |
illative | kuruun | kuruihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kuru | kurut | |
accusative | nom. | kuru | kurut |
gen. | kurun | ||
genitive | kurun | kurujen | |
partitive | kurua | kuruja | |
inessive | kurussa | kuruissa | |
elative | kurusta | kuruista | |
illative | kuruun | kuruihin | |
adessive | kurulla | kuruilla | |
ablative | kurulta | kuruilta | |
allative | kurulle | kuruille | |
essive | kuruna | kuruina | |
translative | kuruksi | kuruiksi | |
instructive | — | kuruin | |
abessive | kurutta | kuruitta | |
comitative | — | kuruineen |
Possessive forms of kuru (type valo) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | kuruni | kurumme |
2nd person | kurusi | kurunne |
3rd person | kurunsa |
Derived terms
Declension
Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | — | |
genitive | kurun | — | |
partitive | kurua | — | |
illative | kuruun | — | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kuru | — | |
accusative | nom. | kuru | — |
gen. | kurun | ||
genitive | kurun | — | |
partitive | kurua | — | |
inessive | kurussa | — | |
elative | kurusta | — | |
illative | kuruun | — | |
adessive | kurulla | — | |
ablative | kurulta | — | |
allative | kurulle | — | |
essive | kuruna | — | |
translative | kuruksi | — | |
instructive | — | — | |
abessive | kurutta | — | |
comitative | — | — |
Possessive forms of kuru (type valo) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | kuruni | kurumme |
2nd person | kurusi | kurunne |
3rd person | kurunsa |
Kwama
Latvian
Pronoun
kuru
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkuru/
Maori
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku.ru/, [kʉ.ɾʉ]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻulu, Fijian kulu, Malay kulur.
Noun
kuru
- breadfruit
- Kīhai te kuru, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
- Breadfruit, coconut palms and bananas did not grow in New Zealand – these were plants Māori ancestors carried throughout the Pacific in their explorations.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *kulu (“to strike”).
Ngan'gityemerri
Synonyms
- kuri (Ngan'gikurunggurr)
References
- Tryon, Darrell T. (1970) An introduction to Maranungku (Northern Australia) (quoted online in ASJP)
Pitjantjatjara
Noun
kuru
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈku.ru/
- Rhymes: -uru
- Syllabification: ku‧ru
Portuguese
Quechua
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | kurukuna |
accusative | kuruta | kurukunata |
dative | kuruman | kurukunaman |
genitive | kurup | kurukunap |
locative | kurupi | kurukunapi |
terminative | kurukama | kurukunakama |
ablative | kurumanta | kurukunamanta |
instrumental | kuruwan | kurukunawan |
comitative | kuruntin | kurukunantin |
abessive | kurunnaq | kurukunannaq |
comparative | kuruhina | kurukunahina |
causative | kururayku | kurukunarayku |
benefactive | kurupaq | kurukunapaq |
associative | kurupura | kurukunapura |
distributive | kurunka | kurukunanka |
exclusive | kurulla | kurukunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruy | kuruykuna |
accusative | kuruyta | kuruykunata |
dative | kuruyman | kuruykunaman |
genitive | kuruypa | kuruykunap |
locative | kuruypi | kuruykunapi |
terminative | kuruykama | kuruykunakama |
ablative | kuruymanta | kuruykunamanta |
instrumental | kuruywan | kuruykunawan |
comitative | kuruynintin | kuruykunantin |
abessive | kuruyninnaq | kuruykunannaq |
comparative | kuruyhina | kuruykunahina |
causative | kuruyrayku | kuruykunarayku |
benefactive | kuruypaq | kuruykunapaq |
associative | kuruypura | kuruykunapura |
distributive | kuruyninka | kuruykunanka |
exclusive | kuruylla | kuruykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruyki | kuruykikuna |
accusative | kuruykita | kuruykikunata |
dative | kuruykiman | kuruykikunaman |
genitive | kuruykipa | kuruykikunap |
locative | kuruykipi | kuruykikunapi |
terminative | kuruykikama | kuruykikunakama |
ablative | kuruykimanta | kuruykikunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykiwan | kuruykikunawan |
comitative | kuruykintin | kuruykikunantin |
abessive | kuruykinnaq | kuruykikunannaq |
comparative | kuruykihina | kuruykikunahina |
causative | kuruykirayku | kuruykikunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykipaq | kuruykikunapaq |
associative | kuruykipura | kuruykikunapura |
distributive | kuruykinka | kuruykikunanka |
exclusive | kuruykilla | kuruykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurun | kurunkuna |
accusative | kurunta | kurunkunata |
dative | kurunman | kurunkunaman |
genitive | kurunpa | kurunkunap |
locative | kurunpi | kurunkunapi |
terminative | kurunkama | kurunkunakama |
ablative | kurunmanta | kurunkunamanta |
instrumental | kurunwan | kurunkunawan |
comitative | kurunintin | kurunkunantin |
abessive | kurunninnaq | kurunkunannaq |
comparative | kurunhina | kurunkunahina |
causative | kurunrayku | kurunkunarayku |
benefactive | kurunpaq | kurunkunapaq |
associative | kurunpura | kurunkunapura |
distributive | kuruninka | kurunkunanka |
exclusive | kurunlla | kurunkunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurunchik | kurunchikkuna |
accusative | kurunchikta | kurunchikkunata |
dative | kurunchikman | kurunchikkunaman |
genitive | kurunchikpa | kurunchikkunap |
locative | kurunchikpi | kurunchikkunapi |
terminative | kurunchikkama | kurunchikkunakama |
ablative | kurunchikmanta | kurunchikkunamanta |
instrumental | kurunchikwan | kurunchikkunawan |
comitative | kurunchiknintin | kurunchikkunantin |
abessive | kurunchikninnaq | kurunchikkunannaq |
comparative | kurunchikhina | kurunchikkunahina |
causative | kurunchikrayku | kurunchikkunarayku |
benefactive | kurunchikpaq | kurunchikkunapaq |
associative | kurunchikpura | kurunchikkunapura |
distributive | kurunchikninka | kurunchikkunanka |
exclusive | kurunchiklla | kurunchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruyku | kuruykukuna |
accusative | kuruykuta | kuruykukunata |
dative | kuruykuman | kuruykukunaman |
genitive | kuruykupa | kuruykukunap |
locative | kuruykupi | kuruykukunapi |
terminative | kuruykukama | kuruykukunakama |
ablative | kuruykumanta | kuruykukunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykuwan | kuruykukunawan |
comitative | kuruykuntin | kuruykukunantin |
abessive | kuruykunnaq | kuruykukunannaq |
comparative | kuruykuhina | kuruykukunahina |
causative | kuruykurayku | kuruykukunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykupaq | kuruykukunapaq |
associative | kuruykupura | kuruykukunapura |
distributive | kuruykunka | kuruykukunanka |
exclusive | kuruykulla | kuruykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruykichik | kuruykichikkuna |
accusative | kuruykichikta | kuruykichikkunata |
dative | kuruykichikman | kuruykichikkunaman |
genitive | kuruykichikpa | kuruykichikkunap |
locative | kuruykichikpi | kuruykichikkunapi |
terminative | kuruykichikkama | kuruykichikkunakama |
ablative | kuruykichikmanta | kuruykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykichikwan | kuruykichikkunawan |
comitative | kuruykichiknintin | kuruykichikkunantin |
abessive | kuruykichikninnaq | kuruykichikkunannaq |
comparative | kuruykichikhina | kuruykichikkunahina |
causative | kuruykichikrayku | kuruykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykichikpaq | kuruykichikkunapaq |
associative | kuruykichikpura | kuruykichikkunapura |
distributive | kuruykichikninka | kuruykichikkunanka |
exclusive | kuruykichiklla | kuruykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurunku | kurunkukuna |
accusative | kurunkuta | kurunkukunata |
dative | kurunkuman | kurunkukunaman |
genitive | kurunkupa | kurunkukunap |
locative | kurunkupi | kurunkukunapi |
terminative | kurunkukama | kurunkukunakama |
ablative | kurunkumanta | kurunkukunamanta |
instrumental | kurunkuwan | kurunkukunawan |
comitative | kurunkuntin | kurunkukunantin |
abessive | kurunkunnaq | kurunkukunannaq |
comparative | kurunkuhina | kurunkukunahina |
causative | kurunkurayku | kurunkukunarayku |
benefactive | kurunkupaq | kurunkukunapaq |
associative | kurunkupura | kurunkukunapura |
distributive | kurunkunka | kurunkukunanka |
exclusive | kurunkulla | kurunkukunalla |
Rasawa
Further reading
- Palmer, Bill (2017) The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, →ISBN, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages, page 531
Shona
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Inflection
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 | mukúrú | Class 2 | vakúrú | ||
Class 3 | mukúrú | Class 4 | mikúrú | ||
Class 5 | gúrú | Class 6 | makúrú | ||
Class 7 | chikúrú | Class 8 | zvikúrú | ||
Class 9 | húrú | Class 10 | húrú | ||
Class 11 | rukúrú | ||||
Class 12 | kakúrú | Class 13 | tukúrú | ||
Class 14 | ukúrú | ||||
Class 15 | kukúrú | ||||
Locative classes | |||||
Class 16 | pakúrú | Class 17 | kukúrú | Class 18 | mukúrú |
Antonyms
- (all senses): -diki
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish قورو, from Proto-Turkic *kūr. Cognate with Azerbaijani quru, Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).
Derived terms
- kurutmak
- kurutulmak
References
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قورو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1485