heb
Translingual
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛp
- IPA(key): /ɦɛp/
Nawdm
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh heb, from Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɛb/[2]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /heːb/
Preposition
heb (triggers soft mutation)
- without
- Wyt ti'n cymryd te heb siwgr?
- Do you take tea without sugar?
- (with a verbal noun) used to form negative perfect aspect
- (with a possessive pronoun and verbal noun) used to form negative participle; un- -ed
- llythyr heb ei agor
- an unopened letter
- (literally, “a letter without its opening”)
- Antonym: wedi
Inflection
Related terms
- wedi (affirmative perfect aspect)
References
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 210 x (3)
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 51 vi
Further reading
Colloquial Welsh prepositions#Heb on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “heb”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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