guasto

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡwa.sto/
• Rhymes: -asto
• Hyphenation: guà‧sto

From the short past participle of guastare (“to ruin”) in Tuscan; compare the Standard Italian participle guastato.[1] Cognate with Piedmontese guast.

guasto (feminine guasta, masculine plural guasti, feminine plural guaste)

1. (obsolete) devastated, ruined, ravaged

   Synonyms: devastato, rovinato

   • early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto XIV”, in Inferno, lines 94–96:

     «In mezzo mar siede un paese guasto».
     diss’elli allora, «che s’appella Creta,
     sotto ’l cui rege fu già ’l mondo casto.

     "In the middle of the sea lies a ruined country", he then said, "which is named Crete, under whose king the world was once innocent."

   • 14^th century, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata settima – Novella terza”, in Decameron:

     Ma che dico io di frate Rinaldo nostro di cui parliamo? Quali son quegli che cosí non facciano? Ahi vitupèro del guasto mondo!

     But what am I saying about our friar Rinaldo, about whom we're talking? Who are the ones who don't act thusly? Alas, dishonor of the ruined world!

2. broken, out of order (of mechanisms, devices etc.)

   Synonym: rotto

3. spoilt, rotten, gone bad (of food)

   Synonyms: marcio, andato a male

4. damaged, ruined (of organs or body parts)

   Synonyms: sciupato, danneggiato

   • 14^th century, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Giornata quarta – Novella decima”, in Decameron:

     avvenne che al medico fu messo tra le mani uno infermo il quale aveva guasta l’una delle gambe

     It so happened that a patient was brought to the physician, who had a bad leg

5. (spiritually or morally) corrupt

guasto (feminine guasta, masculine plural guasti, feminine plural guaste)

1. (Tuscan) Synonym of guastato, past participle of guastare
   • early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto XXXIII”, in Inferno, lines 1–3:

     La bocca sollevò dal fiero pasto
     quel peccator, forbendola a’ capelli
     del capo ch’elli avea di retro guasto.

     The sinner raised his mouth from the horrible meal, cleaning it from the hair of the head that he had damaged from behind.

2. (obsolete) broken, violated, infringed

   Synonyms: infranto, rotto, violato

   • early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto I”, in Purgatorio, lines 76–77:

     Non son li editti eterni per noi guasti,
     ché questi vive e Minòs me non lega

     The eternal laws are not broken by us, for he is alive, and Minos does not bind me

Deverbal from guastare +‎ -o.

guasto m (plural guasti)

1. (obsolete or literary) devastation, ruin

   Synonyms: devastazione, rovina

   • 1348, Giovanni Villani, “Libro quinto [Fifth Book]”, in Nuova Cronica [New Chronicle]‎, published 1991, XXIII Come il detto Arrigo imperadore assediò la città di Firenze.:

     Negli anni di Cristo MLXXX […] Arrigo imperadore […] si puose ad oste alla città di Firenze […] e fece gran guasto a la detta città

     In the year of Christ 1080, emperor Henry waged war against the city of Florence, and brought great devastation to the aforementioned city

2. damage

   Synonym: danno

   1. breakdown, failure, fault

      Synonym: problema

      Il guasto è nel motore. ― The fault is in the engine.

• guastare
• guastarsi

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

guasto

1. first-person singular present indicative of guastare

• guasto¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
• guasto² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
• Ledgeway, Adam. 2016. Italian, Tuscan, and Corsican. In Ledgeway, Adam & Maiden, Martin (eds.), The Oxford guide to the Romance languages, 206–227. Oxford: OUP.