gritar
Galician
Etymology
From Medieval Latin crīdō (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”) (compare Portuguese and Spanish gritar, Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin quirītō (“to shriek, wail”) (per Diez), or from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (per Littré), compare Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡɾiˈtaɾ]
Verb
gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite gritei, past participle gritado)
- (transitive, intransitive) to shout, to scream
- Synonym: berrar
Conjugation
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
impersonal | gritar | |||||
personal | gritar | gritares | gritar | gritarmos | gritardes | gritaren |
Gerund | ||||||
gritando | ||||||
Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | gritado | gritados | ||||
feminine | gritada | gritadas | ||||
Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | grito | gritas | grita | gritamos | gritades | gritan |
imperfect | gritaba | gritabas | gritaba | gritabamos | gritabades | gritaban |
preterite | gritei | gritaches | gritou | gritamos | gritastes | gritaron |
pluperfect | gritara | gritaras | gritara | gritaramos | gritarades | gritaran |
future | gritarei | gritarás | gritará | gritaremos | gritaredes | gritarán |
conditional | gritaría | gritarías | gritaría | gritariamos | gritariades | gritarían |
Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | grite | grites | grite | gritemos | gritedes | griten |
preterite | gritase | gritases | gritase | gritásemos | gritásedes | gritasen |
future | gritar | gritares | gritar | gritarmos | gritardes | gritaren |
Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
affirmative | – | grita | grite | gritemos | gritade | griten |
negative | – | grites | grite | gritemos | gritedes | griten |
References
- “grito” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “grit” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “gritar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “gritar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “gritar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Medieval Latin crīdāre (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”) (compare Galician gritar, Spanish gritar, Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin quirītō (“to shriek, wail”) (per Diez), or from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (per Littré), compare Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡɾiˈta(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡɾiˈta(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈtaɾ/
- Hyphenation: gri‧tar
Verb
gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite gritei, past participle gritado)
Conjugation
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:gritar.
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish cridar, gridar, from Medieval Latin crīdō (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”), from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (--Littré), related to Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).
An alternative (less likely) origin is Latin quirītō (“to shriek, hiss”).
Cognate with Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare, and Portuguese gritar. Compare English cry.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɾiˈtaɾ/ [ɡɾiˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: gri‧tar
Verb
gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite grité, past participle gritado)
Conjugation
infinitive | gritar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | gritando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | gritado | gritada | |||||
plural | gritados | gritadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | grito | gritastú gritásvos |
grita | gritamos | gritáis | gritan | |
imperfect | gritaba | gritabas | gritaba | gritábamos | gritabais | gritaban | |
preterite | grité | gritaste | gritó | gritamos | gritasteis | gritaron | |
future | gritaré | gritarás | gritará | gritaremos | gritaréis | gritarán | |
conditional | gritaría | gritarías | gritaría | gritaríamos | gritaríais | gritarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | grite | gritestú gritésvos2 |
grite | gritemos | gritéis | griten | |
imperfect (ra) |
gritara | gritaras | gritara | gritáramos | gritarais | gritaran | |
imperfect (se) |
gritase | gritases | gritase | gritásemos | gritaseis | gritasen | |
future1 | gritare | gritares | gritare | gritáremos | gritareis | gritaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | gritatú gritávos |
grite | gritemos | gritad | griten | ||
negative | no grites | no grite | no gritemos | no gritéis | no griten |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive gritar | |||||||
dative | gritarme | gritarte | gritarle, gritarse | gritarnos | gritaros | gritarles, gritarse | |
accusative | gritarme | gritarte | gritarlo, gritarla, gritarse | gritarnos | gritaros | gritarlos, gritarlas, gritarse | |
with gerund gritando | |||||||
dative | gritándome | gritándote | gritándole, gritándose | gritándonos | gritándoos | gritándoles, gritándose | |
accusative | gritándome | gritándote | gritándolo, gritándola, gritándose | gritándonos | gritándoos | gritándolos, gritándolas, gritándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative grita | |||||||
dative | grítame | grítate | grítale | grítanos | not used | grítales | |
accusative | grítame | grítate | grítalo, grítala | grítanos | not used | grítalos, grítalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gritá | |||||||
dative | gritame | gritate | gritale | gritanos | not used | gritales | |
accusative | gritame | gritate | gritalo, gritala | gritanos | not used | gritalos, gritalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative grite | |||||||
dative | gríteme | not used | grítele, grítese | grítenos | not used | gríteles | |
accusative | gríteme | not used | grítelo, grítela, grítese | grítenos | not used | grítelos, grítelas | |
with first-person plural imperative gritemos | |||||||
dative | not used | gritémoste | gritémosle | gritémonos | gritémoos | gritémosles | |
accusative | not used | gritémoste | gritémoslo, gritémosla | gritémonos | gritémoos | gritémoslos, gritémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative gritad | |||||||
dative | gritadme | not used | gritadle | gritadnos | gritaos | gritadles | |
accusative | gritadme | not used | gritadlo, gritadla | gritadnos | gritaos | gritadlos, gritadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative griten | |||||||
dative | grítenme | not used | grítenle | grítennos | not used | grítenles, grítense | |
accusative | grítenme | not used | grítenlo, grítenla | grítennos | not used | grítenlos, grítenlas, grítense |
Further reading
- “gritar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014