grad
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɹæd/
Audio (UK) (file) - Rhymes: -æd
Noun
grad (plural grads)
- Abbreviation of graduate.
- Abbreviation of graduation.
- (geometry, trigonometry) Abbreviation of gradian.
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Middle High German gerade, gerat, from Old High German rado (“fast”, adverb), from rad (“fast”, adjective), from Proto-West Germanic *hrad (“quick, hasty”). Cognate with German gerade.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrɑd/
Adverb
grad
- now, at the moment
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher, (transcript):
- Mir si grad am Esse, aber Si gönd gern mitesse, wen Si wend.
- We're eating at the moment, but you can gladly join us for dinner if you like.
- Mir si grad am Esse, aber Si gönd gern mitesse, wen Si wend.
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher, (transcript):
- exactly
Chinese
Pronunciation
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡ̊ʁɑðˀ]
- Homophone: græd
Noun
grad c (singular definite graden, plural indefinite grader)
- degree
- i allerhøjeste grad
- to the very highest degree
- til en sådan grad, at
- to such a degree that
- i allerhøjeste grad
- degree (180th of pi)
- Drej 90 grader i positiv omløbsretning (mod uret).
- Turn 90 degrees in the positive direction of circumambulation (counterclockwise).
- Drej 90 grader i positiv omløbsretning (mod uret).
- (mostly in compounds) academic degree
- Hun tog en grad i ægyptologi.
- She got a degree in egyptology.
- Hun tog en grad i ægyptologi.
German
Etymology
Contraction of gerade.
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡrat]
- Hyphenation: grad
Alternative forms
- gréd (Standard Malay)
References
Further reading
- “grad” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Luxembourgish
Norwegian Bokmål
Derived terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrɑːd/
Noun
grad m (definite singular graden, indefinite plural gradar, definite plural gradane)
grad f (definite singular grada, indefinite plural grader, definite plural gradene)
Derived terms
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrɑd/
Declension
References
- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “grad”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Polish

Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrat/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -at
- Syllabification: grad
- Homophone: grat
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-.
Declension
Declension
Romanian
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *groddo, ultimately from the root of greas (“to hasten”).
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrâːd/
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | grȃd | grȁdovi / grȃdi (poetic, regional) |
genitive | grȃda | grȁdōvā / gradóvā / grádā (poetic, regional) |
dative | grȃdu | grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional) |
accusative | grȃd | grȁdove / grȃde (poetic, regional) |
vocative | grȃde | grȁdovi / grȃdi (poetic, regional) |
locative | grádu | grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional) |
instrumental | grȃdom | grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrâd/
Declension
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrâːd/
Slavomolisano
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatian grad (“city, town, fortress”). The extended meaning of ‘country’ is a semantic loan from Italian paese.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrâːd/
Declension
References
- Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).
- Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).
- Breu, Walter (2020), “Partitivity in Slavic-Romance language contact: The case of Molise Slavic in Italy” in Linguistics, volume 58, issue 3, page 840
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡráːt/
Inflection
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv- | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | grád | ||
gen. sing. | gradú | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
grád | gradôva | gradôvi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
gradú | gradôv | gradôv |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
grádu | gradôvoma | gradôvom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
grád | gradôva | gradôve |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
grádu | gradôvih | gradôvih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
grádom | gradôvoma | gradôvi |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | grád | ||
gen. sing. | gráda | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
grád | gráda | grádi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
gráda | grádov | grádov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
grádu | grádoma | grádom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
grád | gráda | gráde |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
grádu | grádih | grádih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
grádom | grádoma | grádi |
Further reading
- “grad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːd
Noun
grad c
- a degree (on a thermometer or other scale)
- (cooking) A measurement of acetic acid, corresponding to 6 cl of a 24% solution or 12 cl of a 12% solution.
- 2017 November 14, Minna Wallén-Widung, “9 oväntade sätt att använda ättika på [9 unexpected ways to use vinegar]”, in Allas:
- […] späd 2 grader ättika med vatten till 0,5 liter.
- […] dilute 2 degrees vinegar with water to 0.5 liters.
- (cooking) A measurement of acetic acid, corresponding to 6 cl of a 24% solution or 12 cl of a 12% solution.
- a degree (from a university), a title
- a rank
Declension
Declension of grad | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | grad | graden | grader | graderna |
Genitive | grads | gradens | graders | gradernas |
Related terms
- breddgrad
- degradera
- doktorsgrad
- frihetsgrad
- gradbeteckning
- gradera
- gradering
- gradient
- gradmätning
- gradualavhandling
- gradvis
- höggradig
- magistergrad
- minusgrad
- plusgrad
- retrograd
- svårighetsgrad
- tjänstegrad
- uppgradera
- urbaniseringsgrad
- verkningsgrad