alku

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (“to begin”) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlku/, [ˈɑlku]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlku
  • Syllabification(key): al‧ku

Noun

alku

  1. start, beginning, inception, incipience
  2. (in compounds) first, prime, primeval, primordial, proto-, initial
    elämän alkumuodot ― primeval forms of life
    alkueläin ― protozoan
    alkukustannus ― initial cost

Declension
Inflection of alku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k- gradation)
nominative alku alut
genitive alun alkujen
partitive alkua alkuja
illative alkuun alkuihin
singular plural
nominative alku alut
accusative nom. alku alut
gen. alun
genitive alun alkujen
partitive alkua alkuja
inessive alussa aluissa
elative alusta aluista
illative alkuun alkuihin
adessive alulla aluilla
ablative alulta aluilta
allative alulle aluille
essive alkuna alkuina
translative aluksi aluiksi
instructive — aluin
abessive alutta aluitta
comitative — alkuineen
Possessive forms of alku (type valo)
possessor singular plural
1st person alkuni alkumme
2nd person alkusi alkunne
3rd person alkunsa

Derived terms
Derived terms

Compounds

Anagrams

Hungarian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Ugric *alɜ- (“add, fasten to, fit”), in which case it is related to Hungarian alkalom (“opportunity”) and alkot (“to create”), and possibly also to Hungarian olt (“to vaccinate”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɒlku]
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: al‧ku
  • Rhymes: -ku

Noun

alku (plural alkuk)

  1. bargain, deal
    Áll az alku! ― It’s a deal!
  2. agreement, contract, treaty
  3. negotiation, bargaining

Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative alku alkuk
accusative alkut alkukat
dative alkunak alkuknak
instrumental alkuval alkukkal
causal-final alkuért alkukért
translative alkuvá alkukká
terminative alkuig alkukig
essive-formal alkuként alkukként
essive-modal — —
inessive alkuban alkukban
superessive alkun alkukon
adessive alkunál alkuknál
illative alkuba alkukba
sublative alkura alkukra
allative alkuhoz alkukhoz
elative alkuból alkukból
delative alkuról alkukról
ablative alkutól alkuktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular		 alkué alkuké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		 alkuéi alkukéi
Possessive forms of alku
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. alkum alkuim
2nd person sing. alkud alkuid
3rd person sing. alkuja alkui
1st person plural alkunk alkuink
2nd person plural alkutok alkuitok
3rd person plural alkujuk alkuik

References
  1. Entry #1721 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.

Further reading
  • alku in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • alku in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (“to begin”) +‎ -u. Cognates include Finnish alku and Estonian alg.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑlku/, [ˈɑɫkŭ̥]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑlku/, [ˈɑɫɡ̊u]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlku
  • Hyphenation: al‧ku

Noun

alku

  1. start, beginning
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:
      Vaa sanan alus. Keskeel sannaa kirjutettaa ts.
      Only in the beginning of a word. In the middle of a word ts is written.

Declension
Declension of alku (type 4/koivu, k- gradation)
singular plural
nominative alku alut
genitive alun alkuin, alkuloin
partitive alkua alkuja, alkuloja
illative alkuu alkui, alkuloihe
inessive alus alkuis, alkulois
elative alust alkuist, alkuloist
allative alulle alkuille, alkuloille
adessive alul alkuil, alkuloil
ablative alult alkuilt, alkuloilt
translative aluks alkuiks, alkuloiks
essive alkunna, alkuun alkuinna, alkuloinna, alkuin, alkuloin
exessive1) alkunt alkuint, alkuloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

References
  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 11

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alku.

Pronunciation
  • (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈɑlku/, [ˈɑɫku]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlku
  • Hyphenation: al‧ku

Noun

alku

  1. beginning

Inflection
Declension of alku (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation)
singular plural
nominative alku algud
genitive algu alkuje, alkujõ, alkui
partitive alkua alkuitõ, alkui
illative alku, alkusõ alkuje, alkujõ, alkuisõ
inessive alguz alkuiz
elative algussõ alkuissõ
allative algulõ alkuilõ
adessive algullõ alkuillõ
ablative algultõ alkuiltõ
translative algussi alkuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References
  • V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “alku”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn
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