Virus

Latin virus (“venom or poison”).

Wikispecies

Virus n

1. The taxonomic kingdom made up of the viruses, submicroscopic non-cellular structures consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that require a living host cell to replicate, and often cause disease in the host.

• Virus is the only taxon in this kingdom that is not italicized, in contrast to the practice in other kingdoms, in which only taxa at the rank of genus and below are italicized.

ICTV taxonomy (2019)

• Duplodnaviria, Monodnaviria, Riboviria, Varidnaviria - realms

ICTV taxonomy

• (kingdom): Caudovirales; Herpesvirales; Ligamenvirales; Mononegavirales; Nidovirales; Picornavirales; Tymovirales - orders

• • Adenoviridae, Ampullaviridae; Arenaviridae; Ascoviridae; Asfarviridae; Astroviridae; Avsunviroidae; Baculoviridae; Barnaviridae; Birnaviridae; Bromoviridae; Bunyaviridae; Caliciviridae; Caulimoviridae; Chrysoviridae; Circoviridae; Closteroviridae; Corticoviridae; Cystoviridae; Endornaviridae; Flaviviridae; Flexiviridae; Fuselloviridae; Geminiviridae; Globuloviridae; Guttaviridae; Hepadnaviridae; Hypoviridae; Inoviridae; Iridoviridae; Leviviridae; Luteoviridae; Metaviridae; Microviridae; Mimiviridae; Nanoviridae; Narnaviridae; Nimaviridae; Nodaviridae; Ophioviridae; Orthomyxoviridae; Papillomaviridae; Partitiviridae; Parvoviridae; Phycodnaviridae; Picobirnaviridae; Plasmaviridae; Polydnaviridae; Polyomaviridae; Pospiviroidae; Potyviridae; Poxviridae; Pseudoviridae; Reoviridae; Retroviridae; Tectiviridae; Tetraviridae; Togaviridae; Tombusviridae; Totiviridae - unassigned families

• • Bacilladnavirus; Cilevirus; Deltavirus; Dinodnavirus; Emaravirus; Higrevirus; Idaeovirus; Ourmiavirus; Polemovirus; Rhizidiovirus; Salterprovirus; Sobemovirus; Tenuivirus; Umbravirus; Varicosavirus - unassigned genera

Baltimore genome-based classification

• I dsDNA virus; II ssDNA virus; III dsRNA virus; IV (+)ssRNA virus; V (-)ssRNA virus; VI ssRNA-RT virus; VII dsDNA-RT virus - groups

Borrowed from Latin vīrus n. As Latin second declension nouns in -us are rarely neuter, the word can easily be misconstrued as masculine, and in German a masculine variant results from this appearance; compare the development of a masculine variant of Korpus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈviːʁʊs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Vi‧rus

Virus n or m (strong, genitive Virus, plural Viren or (taxonomic rank) Vira or (nonstandard) Virusse)

1. virus
   • 1932, Ergebnisse der gesamten Medizin, Band 17, Urban & Schwarzenberg, p.132:

     Völlig verfehlt ist die Vorstellung, als ob die Virusse nichts anderes wären als ganz kleine Bakterien oder kleinste, uns bisher nicht sichtbare Formen dieser Lebewesen.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1940, Eugen Haagen, 4. Viruskrankheiten, in: Hans Reiter & Bernhard Möllers (eds.), Carl Flügges Grundriss der Hygiene für studierende und praktische Ärzte[,] Medizinal- und Verwaltungsbeamte. Elfte Auflage, Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, p.792:

     Die Vira stellen eine wichtige Gruppe von Krankheitserregern dar, die im System der Mirkoorganismen eine besondere Stellung einnehmen.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

2. (computing) computer virus

   Synonym: Computervirus

   Coordinate term: Trojaner

   • 2012, Alois Potton, Abgründe der Informatik: Geheimnisse und Gemeinheiten, Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 117:

     Eigentlich war der Virus sogar recht angenehm, denn wenn ich eine Sache aus Faulheit liegengelassen hatte, dann habe ich dringliche Mahnungen gern damit abgewimmelt, dass durch ILOVEYOU leider die betreffenden Dateien zerstört […]

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

• The masculine gender can be considered colloquial and is especially common in the computing sense, whereas the neuter form dominates in scientific or specialist usage.
• The plural Vira is used with neuter gender.
• Regardless of gender, the regular plural form is Viren. Vira specifically refers to the taxonomic rank, Virusse is nonstandard.

(biology):

• Viruserkrankung, Virusinfektion, Virusträger, Virusübertragung
• Coronavirus, Grippevirus, Herpesvirus, HIV, Influenzavirus, Pockenvirus, Retrovirus, SARS-Virus, Tollwutvirus

(computing):

• Virenscanner

• “Virus” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “Virus” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “Virus” in Duden online

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

View of the river

Virus m sg (genitive Virī); second declension

1. A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Anllóns

Second-declension noun, singular only.

• “Virus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly