< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, from Proto-Indo-European *pik- (“pitch”) or alternatively connected to *pey(H)- (“fat”). Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pìkis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”). A borrowing from Latin picula (“pitch”) is not excluded.

Noun

*pьkъ̀lъ m[2][3]

  1. pitch, resin
    Synonym: *smola
  2. (by extension) hell, inferno

Alternative forms

Declension
Declension of *pьkъ̀lъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *pьkъ̀lъ *pьkъlà *pьkъlì
Accusative *pьkъ̀lъ *pьkъlà *pьkъlỳ
Genitive *pьkъlà *pьkъlù *pьkъ̀lъ
Locative *pьkъlě̀ *pьkъlù *pьkъ̀lěxъ
Dative *pьkъlù *pьkъlòma *pьkъlòmъ
Instrumental *pьkъlъ̀mь, *pьkъlòmь* *pьkъlòma *pьkъ̀ly
Vocative *pьkъle *pьkъlà *pьkъlì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *pьkъliti (“to conjure evil schemes”)
    • *pьkъlьnъ, *pьkъľenъ (“diabolic, infernal”)
  • *pьkъlica (“unfertile soil”)
  • *pьkъlьskъ (“hellish”)

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ) (all meaning resin)
      Glagolitic: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)
      • Church Slavonic (Russian recension): пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ)
    • Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl, “hell”); пъке́л (pǎkél, “resin”) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: па̀као
      Latin: pàkao
      • Chakavian (Hvar): pakȏl
      • Chakavian (Novi): pakál
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): pakãl
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): pakå̃
    • Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:

Further reading

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “pьklъ pьkla”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b hell (NA 114)”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьcьlъ; *pьkъlъ; *pьkъlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426: “(b) ‘pitch, hell’”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “pekel”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pьkъlъ̏”
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