Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, verb form of *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Lithuanian esì, Latvian esi, Old Prussian essei.

Further Sanskrit असि (ási), Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌‎ (ahi), Old Armenian ես (es), Ancient Greek ἐσσί (essí), Latin es.

Verb

*esi

second-person singular present of *byti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: еси (esi)
  - Russian: еси́ (jesí)
  - Ukrainian: єси́ (jesý)
- Old Novgorodian: еси (esi)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ѥси (jesi)
- Bulgarian: си (si)
- Macedonian: си (si)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic: јѐси, си
  - Latin: jèsi, si
- Old Slovene: iezi[1]
  - Slovene: si
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jsi (yſy/yſi/gſi/ſi)[2]
  - Czech: jsi
- Old Polish: jeś (ies/?yesz)[3], jest jeś, jesteś, jeś jest
  - Polish: jesteś, -ś
- Slovak: si
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: sy[4]
  - Lower Sorbian: sy

References

“iezi”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 8 (3.2/161r), line 68
Jan Gebauer (1886), “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 302
K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “1. Być”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 183
Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “2. Sy”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 697