-kainen
Finnish
Suffix
-kainen (front vowel harmony variant -käinen)
- Creates nouns referring to things or beings that have a quality defined by the headword.
- ainoa (“only”) > ainokainen (“singleton; only child”)
- karhu (“bear”) > karhukainen (“water bear”)
- kaunis (“beautiful”) > kaunokainen (“beauty”)
- lapsi (“child”) > lapsukainen (“little one”)
- nuori (“young”) > nuorukainen (“youngster”)
- outo (“strange”) > outokainen (“strangelet”)
- pieni (“little”) > pienokainen (“little one”)
- Used to create terms of endearment, or sometimes belittling terms.
- keiju (“fairy”) > keijukainen (“fairy”)
- lyhyt (“short”) > lyhykäinen (“short, shortish”)
- neito (“maiden”) > neitokainen (“damsel”)
Usage notes
The suffix often triggers labialization in the final vowel of the stem, the exact nature of which is not certain.
Declension
| Inflection of -kainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -kainen | -kaiset | |
| genitive | -kaisen | -kaisten -kaisien | |
| partitive | -kaista | -kaisia | |
| illative | -kaiseen | -kaisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -kainen | -kaiset | |
| accusative | nom. | -kainen | -kaiset |
| gen. | -kaisen | ||
| genitive | -kaisen | -kaisten -kaisien | |
| partitive | -kaista | -kaisia | |
| inessive | -kaisessa | -kaisissa | |
| elative | -kaisesta | -kaisista | |
| illative | -kaiseen | -kaisiin | |
| adessive | -kaisella | -kaisilla | |
| ablative | -kaiselta | -kaisilta | |
| allative | -kaiselle | -kaisille | |
| essive | -kaisena | -kaisina | |
| translative | -kaiseksi | -kaisiksi | |
| instructive | — | -kaisin | |
| abessive | -kaisetta | -kaisitta | |
| comitative | — | -kaisineen | |
| Possessive forms of -kainen (type nainen) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -kaiseni | -kaisemme |
| 2nd person | -kaisesi | -kaisenne |
| 3rd person | -kaisensa | |
Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Finnish_words_suffixed_with_-kainen' title='Category:Finnish words suffixed with -kainen'>Finnish words suffixed with -kainen</a>
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