質

See also: 貭 and 质
質 U+8CEA, 質
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA
← 賩
[U+8CE9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賫 →
[U+8CEB]

Translingual

Han character

質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 72806, composition ⿱斦貝)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1210, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese
trad. 質
simp. 质
alternative forms 貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
質 *tids, *tjid
躓 *tids
懫 *tids, *tjid
礩 *tjids, *tjid
櫍 *tjid
劕 *tjid
鑕 *tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲) , where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
  • zioh4 - Shantou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 質
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ²/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sət̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃït̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡si²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之日切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cit̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*t-lit/
English substance, solid part

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 質
Reading # 2/2
No. 17401
Phonetic
component		 質
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 質
Old
Chinese		 /*tjid/
Notes 金文本從折聲

Definitions

質

  1. matter; material; substance
  2. quality
  3. Alternative form of 櫍／𬃊 (zhì).

Compounds
Derived terms from 質

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
  • chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.
Rime
Character 質
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟利切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈˠiɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈᵚiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈjiH/
Li
Rong		 /ȶjiH/
Wang
Li		 /ȶiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 質
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trijH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t]<r>ip-s/
English hostage; gift

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 質
Reading # 1/2
No. 17397
Phonetic
component		 質
Rime
group		 至
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 致
Old
Chinese		 /*tids/

Definitions

質

  1. to pawn
  2. hostage
    人質／人质  ―  rénzhì  ―  hostage
  3. Alternative form of 贄／贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”).
  4. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 質

References

Japanese

Kanji
質

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. content
  2. characteristic
  3. natural appearance
  4. confirm
  5. mortgage

Readings

Alternative forms

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
質
しつ
Grade: 5
kan’on

Pronunciation

Noun

質(しつ) • (shitsu) 

  1. quality

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
質
しち
Grade: 5
goon

Pronunciation

Noun

質(しち) • (shichi) 

  1. pawn

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 質 (MC t͡ɕiɪt̚).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 質 (eumhun 바탕 질 (batang jil))

  1. Hanja form? of 질 (“matter”).
  2. Hanja form? of 질 (“nature; disposition”).
  3. Hanja form? of 질 (“quality”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 質 (MC t͡ɕiɪt̚). The original reading is 지 (ji) based on Middle Chinese 質 (MC ʈˠiɪH, “hostage”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

質 (eumhun 볼모 질 (bolmo jil))

  1. Hanja form? of 질 (“hostage”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 3

Related to Middle Chinese 贄 (MC t͡ɕiɪH).

Hanja

質 (eumhun 폐백(幣帛) 지 (pyebaek ji))

  1. Alternative form of 贄 (贄, “Hanja form? of 지 (“gift”).”)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

質: Hán Nôm readings: chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt

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