磨

See also: 磿
磨 U+78E8, 磨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E8
← 磧
[U+78E7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 磩 →
[U+78E9]

Translingual

Han character

磨 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 00261, composition ⿸麻石)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 835, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2453, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
麻 *mraːl
痲 *mraːl
犘 *mraːl
縻 *mral
醿 *mral
爢 *mral
蘼 *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡 *mralʔ
摩 *maːl, *maːls
魔 *maːl
磨 *maːl, *maːls
劘 *maːl
麽 *maːl
麼 *maːlʔ
塺 *maːls, *mɯːl
麾 *hmral

Originally written as 䃺 (mó). Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maːl, *maːls) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + abbreviated phonetic 靡 (OC *mralʔ).

Etymology 1
trad. 磨
simp. # 磨
2nd round simp. ⿸广石

Pronunciation

Note:
  • muài - vernacular;
  • mò̤ - literary.
Note:
  • bôa - vernacular;
  • mô͘ - literary.
Rime
Character 磨
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫婆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /muɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwa/
Li
Rong		 /muɑ/
Wang
Li		 /muɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mo4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 磨
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ma ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁaj/
English rub, grind

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 磨
Reading # 1/2
No. 8706
Phonetic
component		 麻
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 摩
Old
Chinese		 /*maːl/

Definitions

磨

  1. to grind; to sharpen
  2. to rub; to chafe
  3. to wear away; to obliterate
  4. to wear out; to wear down; to erode
  5. to dawdle; to waste (time)
  6. to pester; to plague (someone)

Compounds
Derived terms from 磨

Etymology 2
trad. 磨
simp. # 磨
2nd round simp. ⿸广石

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 磨
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 摸卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /muɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwaH/
Li
Rong		 /muɑH/
Wang
Li		 /muɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 磨
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ maH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁaj-s/
English grinding stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 磨
Reading # 2/2
No. 8710
Phonetic
component		 麻
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*maːls/

Definitions

磨

  1. grinder; mill
  2. to grind; to mill
  3. to turn around
  4. (Cantonese) to waste time

Compounds
Derived terms from 磨

Etymology 3
trad. 磨
simp. # 磨
alternative forms 庅

Possibly from 摩 (OC *maːl, “to approach; to touch; to draw near”); cognate with Cantonese 埋 (maai4, “to approach”) (Yan et al., 2016).

Pronunciation

Definitions

磨

  1. (Teochew) to approach

Japanese
Shinjitai 磨
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
磨󠄁
磨+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
磨󠄃
磨+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
磨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to polish
  2. to grind
  3. to brush (teeth)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC muɑ); compare Mandarin 磨 (mó):

  • Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ば (ba)

From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC muɑH); compare Mandarin 磨 (mò):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1546 (paper), page 825 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 885 (paper), page 455 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

Korean

Hanja

磨 (eumhun 갈 마 (gal ma))

  1. Hanja form? of 마 (“grind, polish, rub, wear out”).
  2. Hanja form? of 마 (“millstone”).

Vietnamese

Han character

磨: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mài

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