散

散 U+6563, 散
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6563
← 敢
[U+6562] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敤 →
[U+6564]

Translingual

Han character

散 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人大 (TBOK), four-corner 48240, composition ⿰⿱龷月攵)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 472, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13265
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1465, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6563

Chinese
trad. 散
simp. # 散
alternative forms 㪚

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 散
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (散) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
散 *saːnʔ, *saːns
糤 *saːnʔ
繖 *saːnʔ, *saːns
饊 *saːnʔ
鏾 *saːnʔ
潸 *sraːn, *sraːnʔ
霰 *sqʰeːns
撒 *saːd

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 竹 (“bamboo”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”) – to smash bamboos.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) : semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳 ().

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • sóaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sán - literary.
Note: suan2 - “medicine in powdered form”.
Rime
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇旱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sanX/
Li
Rong		 /sɑnX/
Wang
Li		 /sɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /sɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 saan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sanX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English scattered (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
No. 10967
Phonetic
component		 散
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 散
Old
Chinese		 /*saːnʔ/
Notes 說文左上從林

Definitions

散

  1. free and unfettered
  2. natural and restrained; at ease
  3. loose; free
  4. to become loose; to break apart; to fall apart
  5. scattered; fragmentary; odd; apart
  6. mixed and disorderly; miscellaneous
  7. (literature) free from parallelism
  8. careless; incautious; inattentive
  9. ordinary; useless
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form

Compounds
Derived terms from 散

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • sòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sàn - literary (courageous, to stroll, to induce sweat, poor).
Rime
Character 散
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sanH/
Li
Rong		 /sɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /sɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /sɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 saan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 散
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mə-sˁa[n]ʔ-s/
English scatter (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 散
Reading # 2/2
No. 10972
Phonetic
component		 散
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 繖
Old
Chinese		 /*saːns/

Definitions

散

  1. to break up; to disperse; to scatter
  2. to distribute; to disseminate
  3. to open; to open wide
  4. to dissipate; to distract; to find diversion
  5. to run away; to escape; to flee
  6. to express; to declare; to explain
  7. to end; to finish; to be over
  8. to lose; to miss
  9. to herd; to graze; to walk (animals)
  10. chaotic; helter-skelter
  11. (Hokkien) to induce sweat
  12. (Mainland China Hokkien) courageous; fearless
  13. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
  14. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) poor

Synonyms
  • (poor):
Synonyms of 散

Compounds
Derived terms from 散

Japanese

Kanji
散

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. scatter

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Korean

Hanja

散 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

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Vietnamese

Han character

散: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tảng, tan, tởn, tán

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