幵

See also: 开, 井, and 幷

幵	U+5E75, 幵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E75

← 年
[U+5E74]

CJK Unified Ideographs

并 →
[U+5E76]

Translingual

Han character

幵 (radical 51, 干+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一十一十 (MJMJ), four-corner 1044₀, composition ⿰干干)

Derived characters

形

References

KangXi: page 340, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9169
Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 408, character 2
Unihan data for U+5E75

Chinese

simp. and trad.		幵
variant forms		开

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 幵
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (幵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
笄	*kŋeː
枅	*kŋeː
蚈	kŋeː, ŋ̊ʰeːn
羿	*ŋeːs
栞	*ŋ̊ʰaːn
雃	ŋaːn, ŋ̊ʰeːn
詽	ŋreːn, tŋ̊ʰeːn
揅	*ŋeːn
幵	*kŋeːn
鳽	kŋeːn, ŋeːn, ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, ŋreːɡ
豣	kŋeːn, ŋeːns
麉	kŋeːn, ŋ̊ʰeːn
趼	kŋeːnʔ, ŋeːn, *ŋeːns
汧	ŋ̊ʰeːn, ŋ̊ʰeːns
岍	*ŋ̊ʰeːn
研	ŋɡeːn, ŋeːns
妍	*ŋeːn
訮	*hŋeːn
鈃	*ɡeːŋ

Ideogram (指事) : 干 + 干 – comparing two 干 side by side, even.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān, qiān (jian¹, qian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ, ㄑㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹, hin¹
Min Nan (POJ): khian / kian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ien¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹, hin¹
  - Yale: gīn, hīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹, hin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹, hin¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/, /hiːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khian / kian
  - Tâi-lô: khian / kian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiefn, kiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn³³/, /kiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ken/▼

Rime
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/
Li Rong	/ken/
Wang Li	/kien/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kŋeːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān
Middle Chinese	‹ ken ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁe[r]/
English	even, level (Shuōwén)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幵
Reading #	1/1
No.	6161
Phonetic component	幵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	堅
Old Chinese	/*kŋeːn/

Definitions

幵

even, level
A surname.

Japanese

Shinjitai	开
Kyūjitai	幵

Kanji

幵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 开)

put together

Readings

On (unclassified): けん (ken)
Kun: たいらか (tairaka)

Korean

Hanja

幵 (eum 견 (gyeon))

even, level

Vietnamese

Han character

幵: Hán Nôm readings: kiên

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