威

威 U+5A01, 威
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A01
← 娀
[U+5A00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 娂 →
[U+5A02]

Translingual
Stroke order
Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Japan

(Swap strokes 9 and 8 for Taiwan.)

Han character

威 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一女 (IHMV), four-corner 53200, composition ⿵戌女)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 261, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6259
  • Dae Jaweon: page 527, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5A01

Chinese
trad. 威
simp. # 威

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 威
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (威) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崴 *qruːl
威 *qul
葳 *qul
隇 *qul
蝛 *qul
鰄 *qul
楲 *qul

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 戌 + 女.

Etymology

畏 (OC *quls, “to fear”) is the exoactive derivation of 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe”), literally "to be intimated" (Schuessler, 2007). In early writing, the character for 畏 was sometimes used directly as a substitute of 威 (e.g. in the Da Yu ding inscription).

鬼 (OC *kulʔ, “ghost”) is a derivation (Baxter and Sagart, 1998).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 威
Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵⁵/
Harbin /uei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /vei²¹/
Jinan /vei²¹³/
Qingdao /ve²¹³/
Zhengzhou /uei²⁴/
Xi'an /uei²¹/
Xining /uɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /vei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /vei³¹/
Ürümqi /vei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /uei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /uei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /uei⁵⁵/
Kunming /uei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /uəi³¹/
Hefei /ue²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /vei¹¹/
Pingyao /uei¹³/
Hohhot /vei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ue⁵³/
Suzhou /ue̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔui³³/
Wenzhou /v̠u³³/
Hui Shexian /ue³¹/
Tunxi /ue¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /uei³³/
Xiangtan /uəi³³/
Gan Nanchang /ui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /vi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /vui²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi⁵³/
Nanning /wɐi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ui⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoi⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /y⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ui³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ui²³/
/ui³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於非切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔʉi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔuj/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiuəi/
Wang
Li		 /ĭwəi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wēi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 wai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wēi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjwɨj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔuj/
English awe-inspiring

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 威
Reading # 1/1
No. 12789
Phonetic
component		 威
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 威
Old
Chinese		 /*qul/

Definitions

威

  1. pomp
  2. power
  3. powerful
  4. to dominate
  5. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 威

Japanese

Kanji
威

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
威
い
Grade: S
on’yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 威 (MC ʔʉi).

Pronunciation

Noun

威(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. power; might; strength; authority

Affix

威(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. power; might; strength; authority; dignity; majesty

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

威 (eumhun 위엄 위 (wieom wi))

  1. dignity

Compounds
  • 위화도회군 (威化島回軍, wihwadohoegun)

Vietnamese

Han character

威: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oai

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