坎

See also: ☵

坎	U+574E, 坎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-574E

← 坍
[U+574D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坏 →
[U+574F]

Translingual

Han character

坎 (radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土弓人 (GNO), four-corner 4718₂, composition ⿰土欠)

References

KangXi: page 225, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4928

Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 425, character 4

Unihan data for U+574E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坎
variant forms		埳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
坎	kʰoːmʔ, kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham², ham¹, ham³
Min Bei (KCR): kǎng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khám

(Teochew, Peng'im): kam²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: k'an³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham², ham¹, ham³
  - Yale: hám, hām, ham
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham², ham¹, ham³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem², hem¹, hem³
  - IPA ^(key): /hɐm³⁵/, /hɐm⁵⁵/, /hɐm³³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám
  - Tâi-lô: khám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khám
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰam⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌm^X/▼

Rime
Character	坎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦感切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm^X/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤomʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːmʔ/, /*kʰoːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khom^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁomʔ/
English	pit (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坎	坎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10269	10272
Phonetic component	欠	欠
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːmʔ/	/*kʰoːms/
Notes		墈正體

Definitions

坎

pit, hole
snare, trap
crisis
6th of the 8 trigrams
29th hexagram of the I Ching
Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā).

Compounds

命途坎坷
坎井之蛙
坎兒／坎儿
坎兒井／坎儿井 (kǎnrjǐng)
坎坎
坎坷 (kǎnkě)
坎城影展
坎培拉

坎壈／坎𡒄
坎帕拉 (Kǎnpàlā)
坎窞
坎肩 (kǎnjiān)
坎阱 (kǎnjǐng)
屯坎
心坎 (xīnkǎn)
流行坎止

烏坎／乌坎 (Wūkǎn)
石坎
羅坎／罗坎 (Luókǎn)
落坎兒／落坎儿
號坎兒／号坎儿
調坎／调坎
門坎／门坎

Japanese

Kanji

坎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

pitfall

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)

Kun: あな (ana)

Korean

Hanja

坎 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)

Vietnamese

Han character

坎 (khảm)

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