咎

咎	U+548E, 咎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-548E

← 咍
[U+548D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

咏 →
[U+548F]

Translingual

Han character

咎 (radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹人口 (HOR) or 竹卜口 (HYR), four-corner 2860₄, composition ⿱⿺夂卜口 (G) or ⿱⿺夂人口 (TJK))

References

KangXi: page 185, character 6

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3493

Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 607, character 6

Unihan data for U+548E

Chinese

trad.		咎
simp. ^#		咎

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 咎
Shang		Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (咎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
咎	kɯːw, ɡɯwʔ
鼛	*kɯːw
櫜	*kɯːw
倃	kɯːw, ɡɯwʔ
綹	*ɡ·rɯwʔ
麔	*ɡɯwʔ
晷	*kʷrɯwʔ
厬	*kʷrɯwʔ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意) : 夂 + 人, with 口 later added.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³
Min Nan (POJ): kiǔ / kiū

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau³
  - Yale: gau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
  - Tâi-lô: kiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/

Middle Chinese: /kɑu/, /ɡɨu^X/▼

Rime
Character	咎	咎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古勞切	其九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/	/ɡɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/	/ɡiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/	/ɡiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/	/guw^X/
Li Rong	/kɑu/	/ɡiu^X/
Wang Li	/kɑu/	/ɡĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/	/gi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo	jiù

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯːw/, /*ɡɯwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	咎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)uʔ/
English	fault, blame (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咎	咎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6983	6988
Phonetic component	咎	咎
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	髙	舅
Old Chinese	/*kɯːw/	/*ɡɯwʔ/

Definitions

咎

fault; defect; error; mistake

Compounds

不咎既往
休咎
動輒得咎／动辄得咎
取咎
咎徵／咎征
咎悔
咎戾
咎由自取 (jiùyóuzìqǔ)
咎過／咎过

執咎／执咎
委咎
引咎 (yǐnjiù)
引咎自責／引咎自责
引咎責躬／引咎责躬
引咎辭職／引咎辞职
招咎
既往不咎 (jìwǎngbùjiù)

歸咎／归咎 (guījiù)
無咎無譽／无咎无誉
獲咎／获咎
盈滿之咎／盈满之咎
自取其咎 (zìqǔqíjiù)
自咎
降咎
難辭其咎／难辞其咎

Japanese

Kanji

咎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): きゅう (kyū); こう (kō)
Kun: とが (toga, 咎); とがめる (togameru, 咎める)

Korean

Hanja

咎 • (gu, go) (hangeul 구, 고, revised gu, go, McCune–Reischauer ku, ko)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

咎: Hán Việt readings: cữu[1]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Trần (2004).

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[gdhn-1] Trần (2004).