| triumphant; victorious | wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (凱風) | 凱 | 風 | |
| simp. (凯风) | 凯 | 风 | |
| variant forms | 颽風／𬱼风 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 凱 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 苦亥切 | 方戎切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰʌiX/ | /pɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰəiX/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɒiX/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəjX/ | /puwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰᴀiX/ | /piuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɒiX/ | /pĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɑ̆iX/ | /pi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kǎi | fēng |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 凱 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kǎi | fēng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khojX › | ‹ pjuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/ | /*prəm/ |
| English | pleasant | wind (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 凱 | 風 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 10102 | 2921 |
| Phonetic component |
豈 | 凡 |
| Rime group |
微 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
愷 | 風 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/ | /*plum/ |
| Notes | 同愷，豈轉註字 | |