冒

冒 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日月山 (ABU), four-corner 6060₀, composition ⿱日目 (J) or ⿱⺜目 (GTKV))

• 帽

• KangXi: page 129, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1538
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1499, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5192
• Unihan data for U+2F8D2

Historical forms of the character 冒
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 冃 (“hat”) + 目 (“eyes”).

Original meaning was “to cover”.

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) connects it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“sky, clouds, fog, dark, covered”), whence Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky; rain; to hold something over the head; roof”), Tibetan མུ (mu), དམུ (dmu), རྨུ (rmu), སྨུ (smu, “(archaic) sky”).

Derivative: 帽 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”).

冒

1. ^† to cover
2. ^† cloth used to dress a corpse; sack for corpses
3. ^† to wear a hat
4. ^† Original form of 帽 (mào, “hat”).
5. ^† to pretend to be

   假冒  ―  jiǎmào  ―  fake

   冒名  ―  màomíng  ―  to go under someone else's name

6. to risk; to brave; to face

   冒險／冒险  ―  màoxiǎn  ―  to adventure

   冒雨  ―  màoyǔ  ―  to brave the rain

   冒著生命危險／冒着生命危险  ―  màozhe shēngmìng wēixiǎn  ―  risking one's life

7. ^† bold; thoughtless; boldly

   冒失  ―  màoshī  ―  thoughtlessly

   • 黨中央辦事，總是同地方商量，不同地方商量從來不冒下命令。 [MSC, trad.]
     党中央办事，总是同地方商量，不同地方商量从来不冒下命令。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1956, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論十大關係》 (On the Ten Major Relationships), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Dǎngzhōngyāng bànshì, zǒngshì tóng dìfāng shāngliang, bù tóng dìfāng shāngliang cónglái bù mào xià mìnglìng. [Pinyin]

     It is the practice of the Central Committee of the Party to consult the local authorities on the matters to be taken up; it never hastily issues orders without prior consultation.

8. ^† to encroach on; to violate

   冒犯  ―  màofàn  ―  to offend

9. ^† to receive; to suffer from
10. to emit; to give off; to send out

    冒煙／冒烟  ―  màoyān  ―  to give off smoke

11. (Mandarin) to appear; to emerge
12. (dialectal Mandarin, of water) to boil
13. (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) to vomit or to have diarrhoea
14. (dialectal Mandarin) to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice

    冒菜  ―  màocài  ―  maocai [a local dish of Sichuan]

15. Alternative form of 冇 (mǎo, “to not have”).
16. ^† Substitute character for 懋 (mào, “to encourage”).
17. ^† Substitute character for 芼 (mào, “name of a vegetable”).
18. ^† Original form of 瑁 (mào, “ceremonial jade”).

“Covetous”. Compare 每 (OC *mɯːʔ, “to covet”).

冒

1. ^† Original form of 媢 (mào, “to envy”).
2. ^† to be greedy for; covetous

冒

1. ^† Only used in 瑇冒 and 毒冒, both are alternative forms of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

Transcription character, preserving the original pronunciation at the time of borrowing.

冒

1. Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú, “name of a Xiongnu chieftain”).

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. risk

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mɑu^H):

• Go-on: もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mək̚):

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Unknown:

• On (unclassified): まい (mai); ばい (bai)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: おかす (okasu, 冒す, Jōyō)^{←をかす (wokasu, historical)}; おおう (ōu, 冒う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, historical)}; ねたむ (netamu, 冒む); むさぼる (musaboru, 冒る)

• Family Register Unified Characters (戸籍統一文字) 259610

冒 (eumhun 무릅쓸 목 (mureupsseul mok))

1. Hanja form^? of 목 (“risk, brave, dare”).

冒 (eumhun 가릴 모 (garil mo))

1. Hanja form^? of 모 (“cover, hide, conceal, veil”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk; compare Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky”), Tibetan དམུ་ (dmu, “sky god”).

冒 (*muh)

1. sky; heaven

• Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

冒: Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mào, mẹo

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