冀

冀	U+5180, 冀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5180

← 兿
[U+517F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冁 →
[U+5181]

冀	U+FA75, 冀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA75

← 充
[U+FA74]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

勇 →
[U+FA76]

Translingual

Han character

冀 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 中心田廿金 (LPWTC), four-corner 1180₁, composition ⿱北異)

Derived characters

懻䆊䙫驥(骥)

References

KangXi: page 128, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1500
Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 8
Unihan data for U+5180
Unihan data for U+FA75

Chinese

丠／⿱北共 - 1977/1981
trad.		冀
simp. ^#		冀
2nd round simp.		丠／⿱北共

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冀

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12627	b12628

**Small seal script**
s05950

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L20221	L20222	L20223	L20224	L20225	L35864	L35865	L20215
L20216	L20217	L20218	L20219	L20220

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (冀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冀	*krɯls
驥	*krɯls
懻	*krɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯls) : semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kei³
Min Nan (POJ): kì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kei³
  - Yale: kei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
  - Tâi-lô: kì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪ^H/

Rime
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	几利切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kji^H/
Li Rong	/kji^H/
Wang Li	/ki^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]rə[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ kij^H ›
Old Chinese	/[k]rə[t]-s/ (dial. < [k]rək-s ?)
English	hope
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5852
Phonetic component	冀
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	冀
Old Chinese	/*krɯls/

Definitions

冀

to look forward to; to hope for; to wish
Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).

Compounds

冀北
冀州 (Jìzhōu)
冀望 (jìwàng)
冀求

可冀
希冀 (xījì)
非冀
冀圖／冀图

冀馬／冀马
無冀／无冀 (wújì)
馬空冀北／马空冀北

Japanese

Kanji

冀

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: き (ki)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: こいねがう (koinegau, 冀う)^{←こひねがふ (kofinegafu, historical)}; こいねがわくは (koinegawakuha, 冀わくは)^{←こひねがはくは (kofinegafakufa, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
冀
き Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kˠiɪ^H).

Affix

冀(き) • (ki)

hope for, look forward to, wish

Derived terms

冀(き)願(がん) (kigan, “wish”)
冀(き)求(きゅう) (kikyū)
冀(き)幸(こう) (kikō)
冀図(きと) (kito)
冀(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)

Proper noun

冀(き) • (Ki)

(historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province
Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province

Derived terms

冀(き)察(さつ)政権(せいけん) (Kisatsu Seiken)
冀(き)察(さつ)政(せい)務(む)委(い)員(いん)会(かい) (Kisatsu Seimu Iinkai)
冀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)
冀(き)北(ほく) (Kihoku)
冀(き)東(とう)政権(せいけん) (Kitō Seiken)
冀(き)東(とう)防(ぼう)共(きょう)自(じ)治(ち)政(せい)府(ふ) (Kitō Bōkyō Jichiseifu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kˠiɪ^H).

Hanja

Wikisource 冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))

Hanja form^? of 기 (“to hope; to wish”).

Compounds

기도 (冀圖, gido)
기망 (冀望, gimang)
기원 (冀願, giwon)
기주 (冀州, Giju)
요기 (徼冀, yogi)
행기 (幸冀, haenggi)
희기 (希冀, huigi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

冀: Hán Nôm readings: kí

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