五

See also: 伍 and 𢀑
五 U+4E94, 五
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E94
← 亓
[U+4E93] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 井 →
[U+4E95]
㈤ U+3224, ㈤
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIVE
← ㈣
[U+3223] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈥ →
[U+3225]
㊄ U+3284, ㊄
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FIVE
← ㊃
[U+3283] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊅ →
[U+3285]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

五 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一木一 (MDM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿱一𫝀 or ⿻丅ユ or ⿻工𠃍)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 86, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 11, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E94

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 五
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j29736

j29737

j29738

j29739

j29740

j29741

j29742

j29743

j29744

j29745

j29746

j29747

j29748

j29749

j29750

j29751

j29752

j29753

j29754

j29755

j29756

j29757

j29758

j29759

j29760

j29761

j29762

j29763

j29764

j29765

j29766

j29767

j29768

j29769

j29770

j29771

j29772

j29773

j29774

j29775

j29776

j29777

j29778

j29779

j29780

j29781

Bronze inscriptions

b19855

b19856

b19857

b19858

b19859

b19860

b19861

b19862

b19863

b19864

b19865

b19866

b19867

b19868

b19869

b19870

b19871

b19872

b19873

b19874

b19875

b19876

b19877

b19878

b19879

b19880

b19881

b19882

b19883

Small seal script

s10919

Transcribed ancient scripts

L34450

L34451

L14821

L14822

L14823

L14824

L14825

L14826

L14827

L14828

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

Originally written 𠄡, consisting of 㐅 with a bar on the top and bottom. One hypothesis explains that this may have meant five because when counting on a single hand, one first counts to five and then crosses back the other way to ten.

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 五
alternative forms 伍 financial
㐅
𠄡
𫝀

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa (“five”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ng3 - vernacular;
  • u3 - literary (e.g. 五香).
Note:
  • ngô - vernacular;
  • ngū - literary.
Note:
  • gō͘/gǒ͘/ňg - vernacular;
  • ngó͘/gó͘/gú - literary.
Note:
  • ngou6 - vernacular;
  • ngou2, u2 - literary.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhngg (T3); u (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦŋ̍²³/, /v̩ʷ³⁴/
Note:
  • 3hhngg - vernacular;
  • 2u - literary.
Rime
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 疑古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɔX/
Li
Rong		 /ŋoX/
Wang
Li		 /ŋuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ng5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nguX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.ŋˁaʔ/
English five

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 五
Reading # 1/1
No. 13147
Phonetic
component		 五
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 五
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋaːʔ/

Definitions

五

  1. five
  2. a surname. Wu (mainland China, Taiwan), Ng (Hong Kong)
  3. (printing) The size of type between 小五 (little 5) and 小四 (little 4), standardized as 10½ point.

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)		 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 五

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (五):
  • → Japanese: 五(ご) (go)
  • → Korean: 오(五) (o)
  • → Vietnamese: ngũ (五)

Others:

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 五

Pronunciation

Definitions

五

  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note la (6).
  2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note la (6).

Derived terms

Japanese
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  4 5 6  > 
    Cardinal : 五

Kanji
五

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. five

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
五
いつ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

五(いつ) • (itsu) 

  1. five
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
五
ご
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 五 (MC ŋuoX). Compare modern Hokkien reading gō͘.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

五(ご) • (go) 

  1. five
  2. a name of a hole of a wind instrument
Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero)		 一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi)		 五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi)		 八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku)		 十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)		 三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
五
い
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

五(い) • (i) 

  1. five

Korean

Etymology
Korean numbers (edit)
50
 ←  4 5 6  → 
    Native isol.: 다섯 (daseot)
    Native attr.: 다섯 (daseot), (archaic) 닷 (dat)
    Sino-Korean: 오 (o)
    Hanja: 五
    Ordinal: 다섯째 (daseotjjae)

From Middle Chinese 五 (MC ŋuoX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǒ)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527다ᄉᆞᆺ〮 (Yale: tàsós)오〯 (Yale: wǒ)

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [o̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [오(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 五 (eumhun 다섯 오 (daseot o))

  1. Hanja form? of 오 (“five”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

五: Hán Việt readings: ngũ[1][2][3][4]
五: Nôm readings: ngũ[1][3][5], ngủ[1], ngỗ[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngũ (“five”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

Numeral

五

  1. Sawndip form of haj (“five”)
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