Portal:Lebanon

The Lebanon Portal

A view of Byblos, Lebanon

Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənɒn, -nən/ LEB-ə-non, -⁠nən; Arabic: لُبْنَان, romanized: lubnān, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [lɪbˈneːn]; French: Liban), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية) or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lies to its west across the Mediterranean Sea; its location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has contributed to its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious diversity. It is part of the Levant region of the Middle East. Lebanon is home to more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi), making it the second-smallest country in continental Asia. The official language of the state is Arabic, while French is also formally recognized; Lebanese Arabic is used alongside Modern Standard Arabic throughout the country.

The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back to 5,000 BCE. From c. 3200–539 BC, it was home to the flourishing Phoenician civilization before being annexed by various Near Eastern empires. In 64 BC, the Roman Empire conquered the region, and the region became a major center for Christianity under the Byzantine Empire. In the 7th century, the Muslim conquest of the Levant established caliphal rule. The 11th century saw the start of the Crusades and the establishment of Crusader States in the region only for it to be later reclaimed by the Ayyubids and Mamluks before being ceded to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Under Sultan Abdulmejid I, the first Lebanese protostate took form in the 19th century as the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, created as a home for the Maronite Christians under the Tanzimat reforms.

Lebanon is a developing country, ranking 112th on the Human Development Index. It has been classified as an upper middle income state. However, the Lebanese liquidity crisis, corruption as well as recent events have precipitated the collapse of currency, political instability, widespread shortages, high unemployment and poverty. The World Bank defined the economic crisis in Lebanon as one of the worst in the world since the 19th century. Despite the country's small size, Lebanese culture is renowned both in the Middle East and globally, primarily powered by its extensive diaspora. Lebanon is a founding member of the United Nations and is a member of the Arab League, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. (Full article...)

Selected article -

ESA École supérieure des affaires Business School is a Business School located in the district of Clemenceau, Beirut dedicated to the education and training of executives and managers from Lebanon and the Middle East.

It benefits from the Association of MBAs accreditation, and obtained the Business Graduate Association (BGA) label.

ESA's academic partnerships have earned some of its programs international rankings: (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated) -

... that the 1958 Lebanese presidential election was held during an armed rebellion while 10,000 US troops were deployed in the nation?
... that the first day of filming of the psychological thriller Farah coincided with the beginning of the 2019 Lebanese protests?
... that Lebanese academic Zahia Kaddoura was the first woman to be appointed a dean at the Lebanese University?
... that a 2010 study found 1,000 people living in Al-Ghuraba cemetery in Tripoli, Lebanon?
... that English musician Jane Weaver's album Flock was inspired by Lebanese torch songs, 1980s Russian Aerobics records, and Australian punk music?
... that Lebanese actress Takla Chamoun refused to cancel a play's performance after being informed that her mother had died?

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This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Elias Abu Shabaki (also spelled Ilyas Abu Shabaka; Arabic: الياس أبو شبكة, May 3, 1903 – January 27, 1947) was a Lebanese writer, poet, editor, translator and literary critic, he was one of the founders of the literary League of Ten and is considered as one of the leading figures of the Arabic Nahda Movement.

Born into a well-to-do Lebanese family, Abu Shabaki became interested in poetry at a young age. The son of a merchant, he was left fatherless in his youth, an experience that would mark his earlier works. Elias worked as a teacher, translator and -in addition to publishing several volumes of poetry- as a journalist writing for many Arabic newspapers and literary magazines. Being an adherent to the Romantic school, Abu Shabki believed in inspiration and denounced conscious control in poetry. His poems were gloomy, deeply personal and often contained biblical overtones centering on his internal moral conflicts. Some of Abu Shabaki's work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Serpents of Paradise which was regarded as obscene due to its overt sexual content. The poet's obsession with the spiritual consequences of carnality that was manifested in his writings was attributed to the guilt brought upon by his sexual escapades with various women when he was married and until his death from leukemia in 1947.

Abu Shabaki called for the renewal and modernization of Arab literature, he inspired succeeding generations of poets. His contributions to literature were commemorated by turning his house in his hometown of Zouk Mikael into a museum. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Lebanon-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Flag as drawn and approved by the members of the Lebanese parliament during the declaration of independence in 1943 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 2A building in Ghazieh, near Sidon, bombed by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), 20 July 2006 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 3Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1976:
Dark Green – controlled by Syria;
Purple – controlled by Maronite groups;
Light Green – controlled by Palestinian militias (from History of Lebanon)
Image 4Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden and surroundings in Centre Ville, Majidiye, Beirut (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 5Aerial photo of Beirut, Lebanon's capital (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 6Khalil Gibran (April 1913) (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 7The Grand Serail also known as the Government Palace is the headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon (from Politics of Lebanon)
Image 8Fakhreddine II (from History of Lebanon)
Image 9Anti-Syrian protesters heading to Martyrs' Square in Beirut on foot and in vehicles, 13 March 2005 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 10Beirut in 1950 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 11Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1983: Green – controlled by Syria, purple – controlled by Christian groups, yellow – controlled by Israel, blue – controlled by the United Nations (from History of Lebanon)
Image 12Palm trees at the seafront in Corniche Beirut (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 13Beiteddine Palace, venue of the Beiteddine Festival (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 14Bashir Shihab II (from History of Lebanon)
Image 15Portrait of Fakhreddine while he was in Tuscany, stating "Faccardino grand emir dei Drusi" translated as "Fakhreddine: great emir of the Druze" (from History of Lebanon)
Image 16The Green Line that separated West and East Beirut, 1982 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 17Portrait of Elie Hobeika (from History of Lebanon)
Image 18Aftermath of the 4 August 2020 Beirut explosion (from History of Lebanon)
Image 19Protesters in Beirut. Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque, 20 October 2019 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 20An array of Lebanese cuisine. (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 21Map of the Shebaa farms (from History of Lebanon)
Image 22Sidewalk Cafes are a trademark of the BCD (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 23Lebanon Parliament 2018 (from Politics of Lebanon)
Image 24A selection of Lebanese dishes from Cafe Nouf Restaurant in London (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 25City of Zahlé at the eastern edge of the Mount Lebanon Range in eastern Lebanon (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 26Rue Maarad is a main street in the central district (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 27Christian Church and Druze Khalwa in Shuf Mountains: Historically; the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains lived in complete harmony. (from History of Lebanon)
Image 28Csontváry Kosztka, Tivadar - Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Lebanon (from Culture of Lebanon)
Image 29A map of Mount Lebanon c. AD 1180 (from History of Lebanon)
Image 30Fairuz playing guitar (from Culture of Lebanon)

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