twr

See also: tŵr

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tuːr/
- Conventional anglicization: tur

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to make ritually clean with water, natron, or incense; to cleanse, to purify
(intransitive) to be(come) ritually pure or clean
(intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) clear

Inflection

Conjugation of twr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: twr, geminated stem: twrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
twr	twrw, twr	twrt	twr	twr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
twr	ḥr twr	m twr	r twr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	twrw, twr	consecutive	twr.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	twrt
perfective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	twrr	potentialis¹	twr.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr	twr, twrw⁵, twry⁵
imperfective	twr, twry, twrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr, twrj⁶, twry⁶	twr, twrw⁵
prospective	twr, twrtj⁷	—	twrtj⁴, twrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr

twr

Noun

m

ritual purity or cleanliness

Noun

m

cleaner-priest [Greco-Roman Period]
used as an epithet of the king or the god Horus [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of twr (masculine)

singular	twr
dual	twrwj
plural	twrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr

dwr

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to show respect to (people or statues of the dead), to treat reverently

Inflection

Conjugation of twr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: twr, geminated stem: twrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
twr	twrw, twr	twrt	twr	twr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
twr	ḥr twr	m twr	r twr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	twrw, twr	consecutive	twr.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	twrt
perfective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	twrr	potentialis¹	twr.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr	twr, twrw⁵, twry⁵
imperfective	twr, twry, twrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr, twrj⁶, twry⁶	twr, twrw⁵
prospective	twr, twrtj⁷	—	twrtj⁴, twrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr

ṯwr

[Middle Kingdom]

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to turn away, to reject or repulse [Pyramid Texts and later archaizing texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of twr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: twr, geminated stem: twrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
twr	twrw, twr	twrt	twr	twr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
twr	ḥr twr	m twr	r twr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	twrw, twr	consecutive	twr.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	twrt
perfective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	twr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	twrr	potentialis¹	twr.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	twr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	twr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr	twr, twrw⁵, twry⁵
imperfective	twr, twry, twrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	twr, twrj⁶, twry⁶	twr, twrw⁵
prospective	twr, twrtj⁷	—	twrtj⁴, twrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr

ṯwr

[Middle Kingdom]

Noun

m

a kind of plant, possibly a kind of reed, used medicinally

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of twr

twrj

trj

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 252.3–252.5, 252.9–255.4
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 295

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh twrr, from Proto-Brythonic *turr (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), from Latin turris (“tower”) (compare Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”)). Doublet of tŵr.

More at English tor and w:Tor (rock formation) § Etymology. Also compare Latin Taurini.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tʊr/
Rhymes: -ʊr

Noun

twr m (plural tyrrau)

crowd, group
heap, pile

Derived terms

tyrru

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
twr	dwr	nhwr	thwr
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

A Book of Dartmoor (1900), p. 15
Crossing's Guide to Dartmoor, 1912 Edition, 1965 Reprint (David & Charles, Newton Abbot)

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