tristis

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *treistis, from Proto-Indo-European *tréystis (note that this root is only found in Latin and Germanic languages).

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtriːs.tis/, [ˈt̪riːs̠t̪ɪs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtris.tis/, [ˈt̪rist̪is]

Adjective

trīstis (neuter trīste, comparative trīstior, superlative trīstissimus, adverb trīste); third-declension two-termination adjective

  1. sad, unhappy, melancholy, morose
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.315-316:
      ‘excidit officium trīstī mihi. nūlla tuēbar
      rūra, nec in pretiō fertilis hortus erat.’
      “In sadness my duty was forgotten. I was guarding not
      the fields, neither was a fertile garden in value.”
      (The poetic voice of Flora (mythology) tells what happened when the early Romans neglected to worship her deity.)
    Synonyms: maestus, infēlīx, miser, aeger
    Antonyms: laetus, alacer, vīvus, fēlīx
  2. sorrowful, mournful
  3. (of taste) disagreeable, harsh, bitter
  4. (of smell) foul, offensive

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative trīstis trīste trīstēs trīstia
Genitive trīstis trīstium
Dative trīstī trīstibus
Accusative trīstem trīste trīstēs
trīstīs		 trīstia
Ablative trīstī trīstibus
Vocative trīstis trīste trīstēs trīstia

Derived terms

Descendants

See also trīstus.

  • → Asturian: triste
  • → Italian: triste
  • → Occitan: triste
  • → Old French: triste (invariant for gender)
    • French: triste (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Irish: tríst
  • → Old Spanish: triste
  • → Portuguese: triste
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *trist
  • → Sicilian: tristi

References
  • “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • tristis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • tristis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) an evil omen; presage of ill: omen infaustum, triste
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