sto
English
Czech
< 99 | 100 | 101 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sto Ordinal : stý | ||
Etymology
From Old Czech sto, from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsto]
audio (file)
Declension
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsto/, [ˈs̠to̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsto/, [ˈʃto̞]
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: sto
Kashubian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /stoː/, [s̠t̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /sto/, [st̪ɔː]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *staēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-.
Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istā, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand).
By its appearance through Latin sound laws, this stative verb, against all others of this class in the 2nd conjugation, belongs to the 1st conjugation. The perfect and supine stems are shared with sistō, the corresponding athematic verb from the same Indo-European root.
Verb
stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive
Conjugation
Passive forms exist only in the third-person singular.
Conjugation of stō (first conjugation, impersonal in passive) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | stō | stās | stat | stāmus | stātis | stant |
imperfect | stābam | stābās | stābat | stābāmus | stābātis | stābant | |
future | stābō | stābis | stābit | stābimus | stābitis | stābunt | |
perfect | stetī | stetistī | stetit | stetimus | stetistis | stetērunt, stetēre | |
pluperfect | steteram | steterās | steterat | steterāmus | steterātis | steterant | |
future perfect | steterō | steteris | steterit | steterimus | steteritis | steterint | |
passive | present | — | — | stātur | — | — | — |
imperfect | — | — | stābātur | — | — | — | |
future | — | — | stābitur | — | — | — | |
perfect | — | — | statum est | — | — | — | |
pluperfect | — | — | statum erat | — | — | — | |
future perfect | — | — | statum erit | — | — | — | |
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | stem | stēs | stet | stēmus | stētis | stent |
imperfect | stārem | stārēs | stāret | stārēmus | stārētis | stārent | |
perfect | steterim | steterīs | steterit | steterīmus | steterītis | steterint | |
pluperfect | stetissem | stetissēs | stetisset | stetissēmus | stetissētis | stetissent | |
passive | present | — | — | stētur | — | — | — |
imperfect | — | — | stārētur | — | — | — | |
perfect | — | — | statum sit | — | — | — | |
pluperfect | — | — | statum esset, statum foret |
— | — | — | |
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | stā | — | — | stāte | — |
future | — | stātō | stātō | — | stātōte | stantō | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | stāre | stetisse | statūrum esse | stārī | statum esse | — | |
participles | stāns | — | statūrus | — | statum | standum | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
standī | standō | standum | standō | statum | statū |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
- to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re
- to abide by one's undertaking: promisso stare
- a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat
- the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
- to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
- the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
- the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
- to ride at anchor: in ancoris esse, stare, consistere
- (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: meliorem in statum redigor
- (ambiguous) to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
- (ambiguous) a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice: sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113)
- (ambiguous) to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere
- (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere
- I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Italic *(s)ta(je)-tōd (“must steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂-, see also Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyú, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)).[1]
Failed to survive for its homonymy with the ordinary verb for “stand" (see Etymology 1 above).[2]
Verb
stō (singular future active imperative statōd); first conjugation
- (Old Latin) to steal
- 7th–5th century BC, Duenos inscription:
- 𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌍𐌄𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌃
- DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
duenos mēd fēced en mānōm (m)einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōd - A good man made me (in good intention?) for a good man; may I not be stolen by an evil man.
- DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
- 7th–5th century BC, Duenos inscription:
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “(s)ta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 584
- H. Rix, "Das letzte Wort der Duenos-Inschrif", MSS, 46, 1985, pp. 193 ff.; H. Eichner, "Reklameniamben aus Roms Königszeit", Die Sprache, 34, 1988-90, p. 216.
Ligurian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stu/
Adjective
sto (feminine singular sta, masculine plural sti, feminine plural ste)
- this
- (in the plural) these
Synonyms
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Synonyms
Derived terms
- stotka
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stuː/
References
Piedmontese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stu/
Adjective
sto
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Polish
1,000 | ||||
← 90 | ← 99 | 100 | 200 → | 1,000 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | ||||
Cardinal: sto Ordinal: setny Fractional: procent |
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish sto, from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stɔ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: sto
Declension
See also
Serbo-Croatian
← 10 | ← 90 | 100 | 1,000 → [a], [b] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | ||||
Cardinal: sto Ordinal: stoti Adverbial: stoput Multiplier: stostruk Collective: stotoro Fractional: stotina |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stôː/
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *stolъ.
Doublet of àstāl, from the same ultimate source only borrowed through Hungarian.
Alternative forms
- stȏl (Croatian)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stôː/
Declension
Slovak
1,000 | ||||
← 90 | ← 99 | 100 | 200 → | 1,000 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | ||||
Cardinal: sto Ordinal: stý Collective: stotoro Qualitative: stotoraký |
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sto]
Usage notes
Usually not declined when used in conjunction with other numerals.
Declension
Slovene
< 99 | 100 | 101 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : stó Ordinal : stôti Adverbial : stókrat | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /stóː/
Inflection
Declension of sto (numeral, irregular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. plur. | [Term?] | ||
gen. plur. | [Term?] | ||
plural | |||
nominative | stó | ||
accusative | stó | ||
genitive | stôtih | ||
dative | stôtim | ||
locative | stôtih | ||
instrumental | stôtimi |
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish stōþ, from Old Norse stóð, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Compare Icelandic stóð.
Declension
Declension of sto | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | sto | stoet | ston | stona |
Genitive | stos | stoets | stons | stonas |
Synonyms
- hästhona
- märr
Derived terms
- stomjölk
- ungsto
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.