saidid
See also: sáidid
Old Irish
Etymology
A verb with a normally simple etymology but complicated by an irregular preterite.
- Most forms are from Proto-Celtic *sedeti, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, with an analogical vocalism taking after laigid.[1][2]
- The deponent preterite forms, such as síasair, are subject to controversy. Thurneysen on the one hand believed it is a blend of an s-preterite and a reduplicated preterite, i.e. a reduplicated s-preterite.[3] McCone and Matasović on the other hand believe that they are suppletive and originally belonged to Proto-Celtic *sistati, which itself is derived from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti.[4][5]
- The perfect forms, in contrast, are not suppletive despite their irregular augments (dí- + in-) and preserve the old preterite of Proto-Celtic *sedeti, *sesode in any case.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsaðʲiðʲ/
Inflection
Simple, class B I present, reduplicated preterite, unreduplicated s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | saidi | saidid | sedait | |||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | saides | sedda | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·saided | ·saiditis | |||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | síasair | siasatar | ||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | du·essid | do·esetar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·dessad | ·desid | ·deissitar | ||||||
| Future | Abs. | seiss | |||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | ·sesed | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | sius | seiss | ||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·sessed | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | suide | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- imm·said
- ar·neät
- ind·nëat
Descendants
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| saidid | ṡaidid | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 325-326
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 186
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 690
- McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, page 79
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*si-sta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “saidid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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