rifler

English

Etymology

rifle +‎ -er

Noun

rifler (plural riflers)

  1. One who rifles; a robber.

Anagrams

Danish

Noun

rifler c

  1. indefinite plural of riffel

French

Etymology

From Old French rifler (“to scrape, scratch”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīfilōn via either Frankish *rīffilōn or Old High German riffilōn (“to tear by rubbing”), akin to rip, ripple. Compare Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”), Old Norse rifa (“to tear, break”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

rifler

  1. (archaic) to flay
  2. (archaic) to rub

Conjugation
Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple rifler
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple riflant
/ʁi.flɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle riflé
/ʁi.fle/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present rifle
/ʁifl/		 rifles
/ʁifl/		 rifle
/ʁifl/		 riflons
/ʁi.flɔ̃/		 riflez
/ʁi.fle/		 riflent
/ʁifl/
imperfect riflais
/ʁi.flɛ/		 riflais
/ʁi.flɛ/		 riflait
/ʁi.flɛ/		 riflions
/ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/		 rifliez
/ʁi.fli.je/		 riflaient
/ʁi.flɛ/
past historic2 riflai
/ʁi.fle/		 riflas
/ʁi.fla/		 rifla
/ʁi.fla/		 riflâmes
/ʁi.flam/		 riflâtes
/ʁi.flat/		 riflèrent
/ʁi.flɛʁ/
future riflerai
/ʁi.flə.ʁe/		 rifleras
/ʁi.flə.ʁa/		 riflera
/ʁi.flə.ʁa/		 riflerons
/ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/		 riflerez
/ʁi.flə.ʁe/		 rifleront
/ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional riflerais
/ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/		 riflerais
/ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/		 riflerait
/ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/		 riflerions
/ʁi.flə.ʁjɔ̃/		 rifleriez
/ʁi.flə.ʁje/		 rifleraient
/ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present rifle
/ʁifl/		 rifles
/ʁifl/		 rifle
/ʁifl/		 riflions
/ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/		 rifliez
/ʁi.fli.je/		 riflent
/ʁifl/
imperfect2 riflasse
/ʁi.flas/		 riflasses
/ʁi.flas/		 riflât
/ʁi.fla/		 riflassions
/ʁi.fla.sjɔ̃/		 riflassiez
/ʁi.fla.sje/		 riflassent
/ʁi.flas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — rifle
/ʁifl/		 — riflons
/ʁi.flɔ̃/		 riflez
/ʁi.fle/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

rifler m or f

  1. indefinite plural of rifle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

rifler f

  1. indefinite plural of rifle

Old French

Alternative forms
  • riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *rīffilōn (“to scrape, scratch, tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”). Alternatively borrowed from Old High German riffilōn of the same origin.

Verb

rifler

  1. to scrape off, tear off, flay
  2. to plane, shave
  3. to plunder, despoil

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive rifler avoir riflé
gerund en riflant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle riflant
past participle riflé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present rifle rifles rifle riflons riflez riflent
imperfect rifloie, rifleie, rifloe, rifleve rifloies, rifleies, rifloes, rifleves rifloit, rifleit, riflot, rifleve rifliiens, rifliens rifliiez, rifliez rifloient, rifleient, rifloent, riflevent
preterite riflai riflas rifla riflames riflastes riflerent
future riflerai rifleras riflera riflerons rifleroiz, riflereiz, riflerez rifleront
conditional rifleroie, riflereie rifleroies, riflereies rifleroit, riflereit rifleriiens, rifleriens rifleriiez, rifleriez rifleroient, riflereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present rifle rifles rifle riflons riflez riflent
imperfect riflasse riflasses riflast riflissons, riflissiens riflissoiz, riflissez, riflissiez riflassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— rifle — riflons riflez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: rifler, riffler
    • French: rifler (archaic)
    • ⇒ Middle French: rafler (“take violently, abruptly remove”) (chiefly game term)
    • Picard: rafleu (Athois)
    • ⇒ Middle French: arafler, arifler (“to scratch, scrape”)
  • → Middle English: riflen, ryflen
  • ⇒ Old French: *rifle, rufle (“plundering, robbing”)
    • ⇒ Old French: rafle, raffle (“dice game”) [from late 14th c.]
      • Middle French: rafle
      • Picard: râfle (Athois)
      • → Middle English: rafle, raful
      • → New Latin: raffla
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