ogun

See also: Ogun, Ogún, and Ogün

Yoruba

Etymology 1

ogun

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ó-gwũ. Cognates include Ifè ogu, Igala ógwu, and Olukumi ogun. Likely related to Nupe ekun

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ō.ɡũ̄/

Noun

ogun

  1. war, battle (physical or mental)
    ogun àgbáyé ― world war
    Ogun ti ja gbogbo ilú wa.
    A war has ravaged all of our cities.
    • 2008 December 19, Awoyale, Yiwola, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:https://doi.org/10.35111/6sp6-8p36, →ISBN:
      Ìlérí ilé kò mọ ti à ń jagun; kùfẹ̀kùfẹ̀ kò mọ ìjà; ijọ́ tí a bá rí ogun là á mọ ojo.
      Boasting at home has nothing to do with waging a war; bragging has nothing to do with fighting; it is the day of battle that we know the coward. (proverb against boasting or bragging)
    • 2008 December 19, Awoyale, Yiwola, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:https://doi.org/10.35111/6sp6-8p36, →ISBN:
      Ọ̀rẹ́ẹ̀ mí gbogun tì mí lẹ́nu iṣẹ́.
      My friend was waging a war against me at work.
Derived terms
  • adágundúródàgbàlagbà (“one who stops a war from reaching the elderly”)
  • aságun (“deserter”)
  • ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun (“army, armed forces”)
  • ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun òfuurufú (“air force”)
  • ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ-ogun orí-omi (“navy”)
  • jagun-jagun (“soldier”)
  • ogun abẹ́lé (“civil war”)
  • ogun-àjàkúakátá (“fight-to-finish war or battle”)
  • ogunkógun (“a particularly bad war”)
  • Ológun (“name derived from ológun”)
  • ológun (“warrior, soldier”)
  • olórí ogun (“commander, general”)
Descendants
  • → Gullah: ogun
  • → Lucumi: ogún
  • → Trinidadian Creole English: ogun

Etymology 2

ogun

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ō.ɡũ̄/

Noun

ogun

  1. the black mangrove, Avicennia africana

Etymology 3

Yoruba numbers (edit)
200
 ←  10  ←  19 20 21  →  30  → 
2
    Cardinal: ogún
    Counting: ogún
    Adjectival: ogún
    Ordinal: ogún
    Adverbial: ìgbà ogún
    Distributive: ogoogún
    Collective: gbogbo ogún
    Fractional: ìdá ogún

Proposed to have derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ōgwṵ́. Cognates include Ifè ogú, Igbo ọgụ, Igala ógwú, Isekiri ogun, and Olukumi ọgbọ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ō.ɡṹ/

Numeral

ogún

  1. twenty
    ogún náírà ― twenty naira
    Eélòó ni ìwé yìí? — Ogún dọ́là ni.
    How much is this book? — It's twenty dollars.
    Synonym: okòó
    • 2008 December 19, Awoyale, Yiwola, quoting Adéoyè, C. L., Àṣà àti Ìṣe Yoruba‎, number LDC2008L03, 1979, Ibadan: Oxford University Press, page 46, quoted in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:https://doi.org/10.35111/6sp6-8p36, →ISBN:
      Ogún ọmọ ni mo bí, ọmọọ koríko; ọgbọ̀n ọmọ ni mo bí, ọmọ èrùwà; kàkà kì a bí ẹgbàá ọ̀bùn, bí a bí ọ̀kan ṣoṣo ọ̀gá, ó tó.
      (If I boast that) it was twenty children that I gave birth to, they are weeds children; (if I boast that) it was thirty children that I gave birth to, they are grass children; rather than give birth to two thousand children, if we give birth to one distinguished children, that is enough. (proverb on quality children)

Adjective

ogún

  1. twentieth
    Ojú ewé kelòó l'a kà kẹ́hìn? — Ojú ewé ogún l'a kà.
    Which page did we read last? — We read the twentieth page last.
Derived terms
  • ogóje (“one hundred and forty”)
  • ogójì (“forty”)
  • ogoogún (“all twenty”)
  • ogún ogún (“twenty by twenty”)
  • ológún (“owner of twenty”)
  • ọgọ́fà (“one hundred and twenty”)
  • ọgọ́jọ (“one hundred and sixty”)
  • ọgọ́rin (“eighty”)
  • ọgọ́rùn-ún (“one hundred”)
  • ọgọ́sàn-án (“one hundred and eighty”)
  • ọgọ́ta (“sixty”)
  • (only used to form àádọ́wàá (“one hundred and ninety”)) ọgọ́wàá (“two hundred”)
Descendants

→ Lucumi: ogún

Usage notes

Since this number does not have a m-based form, similar to other multiples of ten afterwards, if it's describing a total number of items, it comes before the noun.

  1. Mo jẹ́ ọmọ ogún ọdún. – I am twenty years old.
  2. Mo jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún méjìlélógún. – I am twenty-two years old.

However, if it is describing an ordinal sequence, it comes after the noun.

  1. Ọmọ ogún l'ó jẹ́. – He's the twentieth child.

Etymology 4

Cognates include Ifè ogú and Igala ógwú, from Proto-Yoruboid *ó-gwṹ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ō.ɡṹ/

Noun

ogún

  1. heritage, inheritance, legacy
    owó-orí sísan lórí ogún ― inheritance tax
    • 2008 December 19, Awoyale, Yiwola, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:https://doi.org/10.35111/6sp6-8p36, →ISBN:
      Agbójúlógún faraa rẹ̀ fòṣì ta
      Anyone who builds his hope on some future legacy will become vulnerable to destitution. (proverb against irrational expectation)
Derived terms
  • ajogún (“heir”)
  • ajogún-ìgbàlà (“inheritor of salvation”)
  • ìwé ìpíngún (“legal will”)
  • ogúnkógún (“bad inheritance”)
  • orogún (“co-wife”)

References
  • Anderson, Gregory D.S., Bolanle Arokoyo and K. David Harrison. 2012. Olùkùmi Talking Dictionary. Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. http://www.talkingdictionary.org/olukumi
  • Awoyale, Yiwola (December 19, 2008) Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎, issue LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:https://doi.org/10.35111/6sp6-8p36, →ISBN
  • Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (1992) Quadrilingual Glossary of Legislative Terms (English-Hausa-Igbo-Yoruba), Lagos: Federal Cabinet Office and Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council
  • Salem Ǒchála È̩jè̩bá (2016) A Grammar of Ígálâ, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN), →ISBN
  • SIL International (2016) Dictionnaire Ifè‎ (in French)
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