machina

French

Pronunciation

Verb

machina

  1. third-person singular past historic of machiner

Italian

Noun

machina f (plural machine)

  1. (archaic or dialectal) Alternative form of macchina

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́, machine, tool) (compare Attic Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ)). Apparently a rather early borrowing, considering the vowel reduction of unstressed /a/ to /ĭ/.

Pronunciation

Noun

māchina f (genitive māchinae); first declension

  1. machine
  2. scheme, plan, machination
  3. mill[1]

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative māchina māchinae
Genitive māchinae māchinārum
Dative māchinae māchinīs
Accusative māchinam māchinās
Ablative māchinā māchinīs
Vocative māchina māchinae

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Dalmatian: mucna
  • Italian: macina
    Tuscan: maina (Lucca)
  • Lombard: masna (Alpine)
  • Sardinian: maghina

Learned borrowings:

  • Albanian: makinë
  • Arabic: ماكينة (mākīna)
    • Central Kurdish: مەکینە (mekîne)
  • Asturian: máquina
  • Catalan: màquina
  • Egyptian Arabic: مكنة (makana)
  • Friulian: màchine
  • Galician: máquina
  • Hebrew: מכונה (mkhoná)
  • Hijazi Arabic: مَكِينَة (makīna)
  • Italian: macchina, machina
  • Middle French: machine
    • French: machine (see there for further descendants)
    • English: machine (see there for further descendants)
  • Norman: machinne
  • Occitan: maquina
  • Polish: machina
  • Portuguese: máquina
  • Romansch: maschina, maschegna
  • Sicilian: màchina
  • Spanish: máquina (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. Adams, James Noel. 2007. The regional diversification of Latin. Cambridge University Press. 486.

Further reading

  • machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • machina in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • machina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • machina in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin māchina, from Doric Ancient Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Doublet of maszyna (machine).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /maˈxi.na/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Syllabification: ma‧chi‧na

Noun

machina f

  1. heavy machinery
  2. complex system
  3. (archaic) machine
    Synonym: maszyna

Declension

Further reading

  • machina in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • machina in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

machina f (plural machinas)

  1. Obsolete spelling of máquina (used in Portugal until September 1911 and in Brazil until the 1940s).
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